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Planthoppers include some of the most devastating pests of major
agricultural crops throughout the world. One species, the rice
brown planthopper, is among the most economically important pests
in Asia. In past decades, government policies encouraged the
control of rice planthoppers with synthetic pesticides, a tactic
which promoted insecticide resistance and often led to the
pesticide-induced resurgence of pest populations. To deter
planthopper outbreaks, a more ecologically sound management
strategy is being implemented, one based on a thorough
investigation of population dynamics, natural enemies, and the
genetics of host plant and insecticide adaptation. In the natural
habitats of North America and Europe, scientists have also used
planthoppers as model organisms to test ecological and evolutionary
theory. The consequence of these diverse studies is an extremely
scattered literature on planthoppers that has never been
synthesized from an ecological perspective. This volume summarizes
what is known about planthopper ecology and biological control. It
takes a theoretical approach yet is deeply concerned with the
application of theory to the practical problems of pest management.
This volume results from a symposium entitled "Species and Ufe
History Patterns: Geographic and Habitat Variation," held during
the National Meeting of the Entomo logical Society of America in
Denver, Colorado, USA in November, 1979. The stimu lus to assemble
papers on this theme emerged from continuing discussions with col
leagues concerning controversies in ecology and evolutionary
biology, namely those associated with plant-herbivore interactions,
life history theory, and the equilibrium status of communities. The
study organisms used in this series of reports are all either
herbivorous insects or those intimately associated with plants. In
this volume we stress the variation found in life history traits
and address some of the problems inherent in current life history
theory. We include as life history traits not only traditional
variables such as fecundity, size of young, and age to first and
peak reproduction, but also diapause and migration, traits that
synchronize reproduction with favorable plant resources. Because
life history traits of phytophagous insects are influenced in part
by spatial and temporal variation in the quality and availability
of their host plants, we also consider the role that dis
continuities in plant quality play in reducing insect fitness.
Lastly, much of the tra ditional life history theory concerns
itself with differences between the evolution of traits or
constellations of traits when populations incur primarily
density-independent, compared to density-dependent, mortality.
Consequently, we address this issue and attempt to shed light on
the equilibrium status of several phytophagous insect com
munities."
Planthoppers include some of the most devastating pests of major
agricultural crops throughout the world. One species, the rice
brown planthopper, is among the most economically important pests
in Asia. In past decades, government policies encouraged the
control of rice planthoppers with synthetic pesticides, a tactic
which promoted insecticide resistance and often led to the
pesticide-induced resurgence of pest populations. To deter
planthopper outbreaks, a more ecologically sound management
strategy is being implemented, one based on a thorough
investigation of population dynamics, natural enemies, and the
genetics of host plant and insecticide adaptation. In the natural
habitats of North America and Europe, scientists have also used
planthoppers as model organisms to test ecological and evolutionary
theory. The consequence of these diverse studies is an extremely
scattered literature on planthoppers that has never been
synthesized from an ecological perspective. This volume summarizes
what is known about planthopper ecology and biological control. It
takes a theoretical approach yet is deeply concerned with the
application of theory to the practical problems of pest management.
This volume results from a symposium entitled "Species and Ufe
History Patterns: Geographic and Habitat Variation", held during
the National Meeting of the Entomo- logical Society of America in
Denver, Colorado, USA in November, 1979. The stimu- lus to assemble
papers on this theme emerged from continuing discussions with col-
leagues concerning controversies in ecology and evolutionary
biology, namely those associated with plant-herbivore interactions,
life history theory, and the equilibrium status of communities. The
study organisms used in this series of reports are all either
herbivorous insects or those intimately associated with plants. In
this volume we stress the variation found in life history traits
and address some of the problems inherent in current life history
theory. We include as life history traits not only traditional
variables such as fecundity, size of young, and age to first and
peak reproduction, but also diapause and migration, traits that
synchronize reproduction with favorable plant resources. Because
life history traits of phytophagous insects are influenced in part
by spatial and temporal variation in the quality and availability
of their host plants, we also consider the role that dis-
continuities in plant quality play in reducing insect fitness.
Lastly, much of the tra- ditional life history theory concerns
itself with differences between the evolution of traits or
constellations of traits when populations incur primarily
density-independent, compared to density-dependent, mortality.
Consequently, we address this issue and attempt to shed light on
the equilibrium status of several phytophagous insect com-
munities.
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