Accurate modeling of the interaction between convective and diffusive processes is one of the most common challenges in the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. This is partly due to the fact that numerical algorithms, and the techniques used for their analysis, tend to be very different in the two limiting cases of elliptic and hyperbolic equations. Many different ideas and approaches have been proposed in widely differing contexts to resolve the difficulties of exponential fitting, compact differencing, number upwinding, artificial viscosity, streamline diffusion, Petrov-Galerkin and evolution Galerkin being some examples from the main fields of finite difference and finite element methods. The main aim of this volume is to draw together all these ideas and see how they overlap and differ. The reader is provided with a useful and wide ranging source of algorithmic concepts and techniques of analysis. The material presented has been drawn both from theoretically oriented literature on finite differences, finite volume and finite element methods and also from accounts of practical, large-scale computing, particularly in the field of computational fluid dynamics.

Accurate modeling of the interaction between convective and diffusive processes is one of the most common challenges in the numerical approximation of partial differential equations. This is partly due to the fact that numerical algorithms, and the techniques used for their analysis, tend to be very different in the two limiting cases of elliptic and hyperbolic equations. Many different ideas and approaches have been proposed in widely differing contexts to resolve the difficulties of exponential fitting, compact differencing, number upwinding, artificial viscosity, streamline diffusion, Petrov-Galerkin and evolution Galerkin being some examples from the main fields of finite difference and finite element methods. The main aim of this volume is to draw together all these ideas and see how they overlap and differ. The reader is provided with a useful and wide ranging source of algorithmic concepts and techniques of analysis. The material presented has been drawn both from theoretically oriented literature on finite differences, finite volume and finite element methods and also from accounts of practical, large-scale computing, particularly in the field of computational fluid dynamics.

This volume contains a selection of the invited papers presented at a LMS Durham Symposium on modern developments in non-classical continuum mechanics. A major aim was to bring together workers in both the abstract and practical aspects of the subject in order to achieve enhanced appreciation of each others' approach and hence of the mathematical techniques and physical intuition essential for successful research in this field. As a result, the present collection consists of a series of concise articles which are introductions to, and succinct accounts of, current activity in many branches of non-classical continuum mechanics. Research workers in applied mathematics, physics, theoretical mechanics, and structural and aeronautical engineering will find much of interest in this collection.

A fully systematic treatment of the dynamics of vortex structures and their interactions in a viscous density stratified fluid is provided by this book. The various compact vortex structures such as monopoles, dipoles, quadrupoles, as well as more complex ones are considered theoretically from a physical point of view.
Another essential feature of the book is the close combination of theoretical analyses with numerous examples of real flows.
The book further provides real physical insight and base for postgraduate students specializing in geophysical and applied fluid dynamics. Among the family of vortex structures considered in the book, the most remarkable are the vortex dipoles. These are fundamental elements of the complex chaotic flows associated with the term 'two-dimensional turbulence'. The appearance of these structures in initially chaotic flows is currently of great interest because of a myriad of geophysical applications. Specific examples include the mushroom-like currents discovered from satellite images of the upper ocean. The book is well illustrated with many original photographs (some in colour) and diagrams.