R. J. MOREAU, Professor MADYLAM, Inst. Nat. Poly technique de Grenoble, France The material on which the foundryman 1S focus1ng his attent10n 1S a molten metal, ferrous or not, coming from the melt1ng equipment, Wh1Ch is to be del1vered into a mould where it w1ll solidify. The foundryman 1S the last person 1n th1S process who still has the poss1b1l1 ty of acting to control the quality of the casting. Indeed, most of the respons1bil1ty 1n th1S quality bus1ness is vested 1n him. Bes1des, as anyone involved 1n metals processing, he 1S engaged 1n the ongoing effort to achieve the highest eff1c1ency and the best working condit10ns. To deal w1th th1S metal he needs to know f1rst its physical properties (temperature, composit1on, 1mpur1ties . . . ) and the way they influence 1tS behav10ur (llqU1dus, solidus, structure . . ). He also needs to know how this complex flu1d flows (head losses in gating parts, flow rates, levels in moulds . . . ) and 1S modif1ed by its enV1ronment (heat fluxes, temperature var1at10ns, solidification . . . ). Responding to th1S need requires an important and regularly updated knowledge as well as preC1se measurements and advanced control processes. One may therefore appreciate why the topic "MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN LIQUID METAL PROCESSING" was chosen by the CIATF for the 1986 workshop."

R. J. MOREAU, Professor MADYLAM, Inst. Nat. Poly technique de Grenoble, France The material on which the foundryman 1S focus1ng his attent10n 1S a molten metal, ferrous or not, coming from the melt1ng equipment, Wh1Ch is to be del1vered into a mould where it w1ll solidify. The foundryman 1S the last person 1n th1S process who still has the poss1b1l1 ty of acting to control the quality of the casting. Indeed, most of the respons1bil1ty 1n th1S quality bus1ness is vested 1n him. Bes1des, as anyone involved 1n metals processing, he 1S engaged 1n the ongoing effort to achieve the highest eff1c1ency and the best working condit10ns. To deal w1th th1S metal he needs to know f1rst its physical properties (temperature, composit1on, 1mpur1ties ...) and the way they influence 1tS behav10ur (llqU1dus, solidus, structure *. . ). He also needs to know how this complex flu1d flows (head losses in gating parts, flow rates, levels in moulds ...) and 1S modif1ed by its enV1ronment (heat fluxes, temperature var1at10ns, solidification ...). Responding to th1S need requires an important and regularly updated knowledge as well as preC1se measurements and advanced control processes. One may therefore appreciate why the topic "MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN LIQUID METAL PROCESSING" was chosen by the CIATF for the 1986 workshop.

Liquid metal MHO is within the scope of two series of international conferences. One is the International Congress on "MHD Power Generation," held every four years, which includes technical and economical aspects as well as scientific questions. The other if the Beer-Sheva Seminar on "MHO Flows and Turbulence," held every three years in Israel. In addition to these well established meetings, an IUTAM Symposium was previously organized in Cambridge (UK) in 1982 on "Metallurgical Applications of MHD" by the late Arthur Shercliff. It was focussed on a very specific subject developing radiply from the middle of the 1970's. The magnetic field was generally AC, including frequencies high enough for the skin-depth to be much smaller than the typical length scale of the liquide pool. And the development of new technologies, or the improvement of existing ones, was the main justification of most of the researches presented and discussed. Only two participants from Eastern countries attended this Symposium. By the middle of the 1980's we felt that on this very same topic ideas had reached much more maturity than in 1982. We also realized that a line of research on MHD flows related to fusion reactors (tokamaks) was developing significantly, with particular emphasis on flows at large interaction parameter.