Food properties, whether they concern the physical, thermodynamic, chemical, nutritional or sensory characteristics of foods, play an important role in food processing. In our quest to gain a mechanistic understanding of changes occurring during food processing, the knowledge of food properties is essential. Quantitative information on the food properties is necessary in the design and operation of food processing equipment. Foods, because of their biological nature and variability, vary in the magnitude of their properties. The variation in properties offer a challenge both in their measurement and use in the food processing applications. Often a high level of precision in measurement of properties is not possible as the measurement method may itself cause changes to the product, resulting in a variation in the obtained values. Recognizing the difficulties in measurement of food properties, and the lack of completeness of such information, several research programs have been in existence during the last two decades. In Europe, a multinational effort has been underway since 1978. The first project supported by COST (European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research), was titled COST 90 "The Effect of Processing on the Physical Properties of Foodstuffs." This and another project COST 90bis have considerably added to our knowledge of measurement methods and data on a number of physical properties. Two publications that summarize the work conducted under 1 2 these projects are Physical Properties of Foods and Physical Properties of Foods .

This book endeavours to highlight the untapped potential of Smart Agriculture for the innovation and expansion of the agriculture sector. The sector shall make incremental progress as it learns from associations between data over time through Artificial Intelligence, deep learning and Internet of Things applications. The farming industry and Smart agriculture develop from the stringent limits imposed by a farm's location, which in turn has a series of related effects with respect to supply chain management, food availability, biodiversity, farmers' decision-making and insurance, and environmental concerns among others. All of the above-mentioned aspects will derive substantial benefits from the implementation of a data-driven approach under the condition that the systems, tools and techniques to be used have been designed to handle the volume and variety of the data to be gathered. Contributions to this book have been solicited with the goal of uncovering the possibilities of engaging agriculture with equipped and effective profound learning algorithms. Most agricultural research centres are already adopting Internet of Things for the monitoring of a wide range of farm services, and there are significant opportunities for agriculture administration through the effective implementation of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data and IoT structures.

This book endeavours to highlight the untapped potential of Smart Agriculture for the innovation and expansion of the agriculture sector. The sector shall make incremental progress as it learns from associations between data over time through Artificial Intelligence, deep learning and Internet of Things applications. The farming industry and Smart agriculture develop from the stringent limits imposed by a farm's location, which in turn has a series of related effects with respect to supply chain management, food availability, biodiversity, farmers' decision-making and insurance, and environmental concerns among others. All of the above-mentioned aspects will derive substantial benefits from the implementation of a data-driven approach under the condition that the systems, tools and techniques to be used have been designed to handle the volume and variety of the data to be gathered. Contributions to this book have been solicited with the goal of uncovering the possibilities of engaging agriculture with equipped and effective profound learning algorithms. Most agricultural research centres are already adopting Internet of Things for the monitoring of a wide range of farm services, and there are significant opportunities for agriculture administration through the effective implementation of Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Big Data and IoT structures.

Food properties, whether they concern the physical, thermodynamic, chemical, nutritional or sensory characteristics of foods, play an important role in food processing. In our quest to gain a mechanistic understanding of changes occurring during food processing, the knowledge of food properties is essential. Quantitative information on the food properties is necessary in the design and operation of food processing equipment. Foods, because of their biological nature and variability, vary in the magnitude of their properties. The variation in properties offer a challenge both in their measurement and use in the food processing applications. Often a high level of precision in measurement of properties is not possible as the measurement method may itself cause changes to the product, resulting in a variation in the obtained values. Recognizing the difficulties in measurement of food properties, and the lack of completeness of such information, several research programs have been in existence during the last two decades. In Europe, a multinational effort has been underway since 1978. The first project supported by COST (European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research), was titled COST 90 "The Effect of Processing on the Physical Properties of Foodstuffs." This and another project COST 90bis have considerably added to our knowledge of measurement methods and data on a number of physical properties. Two publications that summarize the work conducted under 1 2 these projects are Physical Properties of Foods and Physical Properties of Foods .

Adoption of Micro Irrigation System can be a panacea in irrigation related problems. In this technology, the cropped field is irrigated in the close vicinity of root zone of crop. It reduces the water loss occurring through evaporation, conveyance and distribution. Therefore high water use efficiency can be achieved. The equations which are used to describe hydraulic phenomena are basically non-linear in character and, thus, cannot be solve directly. The finite element method is a systemic numerical procedure for solving complex engineering problems. The finite element analysis is based on matrix algebra and use of computers, because it is only in matrix form that the complete solution process can be expressed in a compact and elegant manner. Any continuous quantity can be approximated by a discrete model composed of a set of piecewise continuous functions defined over a finite number of sub-domains.

Change in method of crop establishment from traditional transplanting of seedlings to direct seeding has occurred in many rice growing countries in response to increasing production cost, especially for labour and water. It also aids in quick rice establishment, early harvest and thus early sowing of wheat. Sowing of pre-germinated rice seeds under puddled condition either manually or drum seeding method reduces the demand of water for puddling and minimized the emergence of weed flora by placing the seed, stems and stolens of weeds into sub-surface. Direct seeded rice is subjected to greater weed competition because both weed and crop seeds emerge at the same time and compete with each other from the germination as a result less grain yield. Uncontrolled weeds reduce the yield by 96 % in dry seeded rice and 61% in wet seeded rice. Control of weeds is important to reduce the weed competition as well as to maximize the efficient utilization of resources. Herbicides are considered to be an economical alternative to manage weeds against age-old practice of hand weeding, which is costlier and also becomes impracticable.

This book explore valuable information & research results of the durability and stabilization of biomedical polyolefins during and after - sterilization. The book covered the most research area and literatures survey on the field of radiation-sterilized biomedical polyolefins. The importance and applications of -sterilization on medical polymers and its effect on the properties on esp. polyolefins have been reviewed in chapter 1. Chapter 2 aimed to investigate the e ect of - sterilization on the biodegradation of polyole ns. It explore the behavior of neat and -sterilized samples during incubation in compost and fungal culture environments. Chapter 3 investigate the effect of -irradiation dose and -dose rate on chemical and physical changes of biomedical polyole ns. Chapter 4 aimed to explore the effect of - sterilization on crystallinity, thermal behavior and morphology of biomedical polyole ns. Chapter 5 explore the stabilization of polyole ns against -sterilization with single or binary additive system. The present attempt is to utilize synergistic mixtures of stabilizers which are approved for food contact applications."

This research work is based on the studies on the binding of soluble ovalbumin, transfusion gelatin, -amylase proteins with vanadium and molybdenum etc. applying various physico-chemical methods such as pH-metery, dialysis equilibrium, spectrophotometry, polarography etc. The work also includes the binding of metal hydrous oxide sols to these proteins. The effect of anionic surfactants like triethanolamine lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate was also studied on ovalbumin casein and -amylase by viscometric and other related methods. The binding results are helpful in proposing a mechanism of ligand interaction with biopolymers in livings mediated by metal ions. The additions of proteins may decrease the critical micelle concentrations of the surfactants. This aspect possesses a good means of increasing the detergency of the surfactants.

An account of the events leading to the withdrawal of the president's pleasure in respect of the chief of the naval staff, the constitutional and legal norms which should have been duly followed.