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In just the past few years, both the theoretical importance and the
practical necessity of ethical analyses in international affairs
have become well established. In order to more closely examine
particular ethical dilemmas, Rachel McCleary has put together a
collection of carefully selected case studies illustrating the
variety of ethical concerns that arise in international affairs. As
in every volume in the Case Studies in International Affairs
series, this volume opens with an introduction that gives students
the philosophical background and theoretical framework they need to
understand the cases that follow. Individual introductions to each
case place the study in context relative to the other studies and
to the overall theme of the volume. Discussion questions round out
the treatment of the issues, prompting explorations beyond the
cases themselves. The cases in Seeking Justice range from questions
about the U.S. invasion of Panama to the withdrawal from Vietnam,
from the uneven application of the Law of the Sea to the equally
uneven distribution of trade favors emerging from the integration
of the European Community. Considerations of economic justice are
also the focus of a case on the IMF and Nigeria. A Brazilian case
study brings together several issues implicit in the earlier
cases-the nature of state sovereignty, the status of moral
obligations and rights in the international arena, and the
structural inequality of international regimes. This study shows
how the issues of debt, development, and environment are integrally
linked and pinpoints the kinds of ethical problems policymakers,
experts, and theorists will be wrestling with in the near future.
The cases have been selected and presented to help students
identify the issues and make connections between disparate sets of
circumstances without spoonfeeding interpretation or analysis.
Rachel McCleary skillfully presents the spectrum of ethical
questions posed by international events and reveals the dialectical
interplay among them.
The Westview series Case Studies in International Affairs stems
from a major project of The Pew Charitable Trusts entitled "The Pew
Diplomatic Initiative." Launched in 1985, this project has sought
to improve the teaching and practice of negotiation through
adoption of the case method of teaching, principally in
professional schools of international affairs in the United States.
How religious beliefs and practices can influence the wealth of
nations Which countries grow faster economically-those with strong
beliefs in heaven and hell or those with weak beliefs in them? Does
religious participation matter? Why do some countries experience
secularization while others are religiously vibrant? In The Wealth
of Religions, Rachel McCleary and Robert Barro draw on their long
record of pioneering research to examine these and many other
aspects of the economics of religion. Places with firm beliefs in
heaven and hell measured relative to the time spent in religious
activities tend to be more productive and experience faster growth.
Going further, there are two directions of causation: religiosity
influences economic performance and economic development affects
religiosity. Dimensions of economic development-such as
urbanization, education, health, and fertility-matter too,
interacting differently with religiosity. State regulation and
subsidization of religion also play a role. The Wealth of Religions
addresses the effects of religious beliefs on character traits such
as work ethic, thrift, and honesty; the Protestant Reformation and
its long-term effects on education and religious competition;
Communism's suppression of and competition with religion; the
effects of Islamic laws and regulations on the functioning of
markets and, hence, on the long-term development of Muslim
countries; why some countries have state religions; analogies
between religious groups and terrorist organizations; the violent
origins of the Dalai Lama's brand of Tibetan Buddhism; and the use
by the Catholic Church of saint-making as a way to compete against
the rise of Protestant Evangelicals. Timely and incisive, The
Wealth of Religions provides fresh insights into the vital
interplay between religion, markets, and economic development.
How religious beliefs and practices can influence the wealth of
nations Which countries grow faster economically-those with strong
beliefs in heaven and hell or those with weak beliefs in them? Does
religious participation matter? Why do some countries experience
secularization while others are religiously vibrant? In The Wealth
of Religions, Rachel McCleary and Robert Barro draw on their long
record of pioneering research to examine these and many other
aspects of the economics of religion. Places with firm beliefs in
heaven and hell measured relative to the time spent in religious
activities tend to be more productive and experience faster growth.
Going further, there are two directions of causation: religiosity
influences economic performance and economic development affects
religiosity. Dimensions of economic development-such as
urbanization, education, health, and fertility-matter too,
interacting differently with religiosity. State regulation and
subsidization of religion also play a role. The Wealth of Religions
addresses the effects of religious beliefs on character traits such
as work ethic, thrift, and honesty; the Protestant Reformation and
its long-term effects on education and religious competition;
Communism's suppression of and competition with religion; the
effects of Islamic laws and regulations on the functioning of
markets and, hence, on the long-term development of Muslim
countries; why some countries have state religions; analogies
between religious groups and terrorist organizations; the violent
origins of the Dalai Lama's brand of Tibetan Buddhism; and the use
by the Catholic Church of saint-making as a way to compete against
the rise of Protestant Evangelicals. Timely and incisive, The
Wealth of Religions provides fresh insights into the vital
interplay between religion, markets, and economic development.
Aid organizations like Oxfam, CARE, World Vision, and Catholic
Relief Services are known the world over. However, little is known
about the relationship between these private voluntary
organizations (PVOs) and the federal government, and how truly
influential these organizations can be in the realm of foreign
policy. Indeed since the end of the Second World War, humanitarian
aid has become a key component of U.S. foreign policy and has grown
steadily ever since. This history of interaction deflates the
common claim that PVOs have been independent from the federal
government, and that this independence has only recently been
threatened.
Global Compassion is the first truly comprehensive study of PVOs
and their complex, often-fraught interaction with the federal
government. Rachel McCleary provides an ambitious analysis of the
relationship between the two from 1939 to 2005. The book focuses on
the work of PVOs from a foreign policy perspective, revealing how
federal political pressures shape the field of international
relief. McCleary draws on a new and one-of-a-kind data set on the
revenue of private voluntary agencies, employing annual reports,
State Department documents, and I.R.S. records, to assess the
extent to which international relief and development work is
becoming a commercial activity. She outlines the increasing
financial dependence of these organizations on the federal
government and the consequences of that dependency for various
types of agencies, as well as the often competing goals of the
federal government and religious PVOs. As a result, there is a
continuing trend of decreasing federal funds to PVOs and of
simultaneously increasing awards to commercial enterprises.
Focusing on the interplay between public and private revenue, the
discussion ends with the commercialization of foreign aid and the
factors most likely to influence the future of PVOs in
international relief and development.
In this thought-provoking and rigorously researched work, Rachel
McCleary offers a unique, substantive look at an understudied area
of U.S. foreign policy and international development, and provides
a crucial analysis of what this relationship holds for the
future.
This is a one-of-kind volume bringing together leading scholars in
the economics of religion for the first time. The treatment of
topics is interdisciplinary, comparative, as well as global in
nature. Scholars apply the economics of religion approach to
contemporary issues such as immigrants in the United States and ask
historical questions such as why did Judaism as a religion promote
investment in education?
The economics of religion applies economic concepts (for example,
supply and demand) and models of the market to the study of
religion. Advocates of the economics of religion approach look at
ways in which the religion market influences individual choices as
well as institutional development. For example, economists would
argue that when a large denomination declines, the religion is not
supplying the right kind of religious good that appeals to the
faithful. Like firms, religions compete and supply goods. The
economics of religion approach using rational choice theory,
assumes that all human beings, regardless of their cultural
context, their socio-economic situation, act rationally to further
his/her ends.
The wide-ranging topics show the depth and breadth of the approach
to the study of religion.
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