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"Mehr Wettbewerb und weniger Organisation" lautet die populare
Antwort auf oftmals beklagte Innovationsdefizite. Diese Position
lasst unberucksichtigt, dass Wettbewerb in den meisten
Gesellschaftsbereichen Organisation voraussetzt. Uberdies sind
Organisationen fur Prozesse gesellschaftlichen Wandels von grosser
Bedeutung. Im Rahmen einer organisationstheoretischen Analyse
werden Umweltbezuge, interne Dynamiken und Formen der Vernetzung
erortert. Bei der Auseinandersetzung mit Wettbewerbsmechanismen
werden soziale Konstruktionsprozesse und Dimensionen der
Regulierung herausgearbeitet. Auf dieser Theoriegrundlage wird
deutlich, dass das Zusammenspiel von Organisation und Wettbewerb
vor allem Diffusionsprozesse begunstigt - also Nachahmung und
Ubernahme statt genuiner Innovationsfahigkeit.
In diesem Buch werden institutionelle Hintergrunde einer relativ
gleichformigen Veranderung der wohlfahrtspolitischen Entwicklung
untersucht. Die Neuausrichtung der Wohlfahrtspolitik, so wird
gezeigt, ist Resultat internationaler Verflechtung und
organisatorischen Wandels in samtlichen Politikbereichen."
One of the predominant trends of modern society is the pervasive
presence of competition. No longer just a function of economic
markets or democratic systems, competition has become a favoured
tool for governing people and organizations, from the provision of
schooling and elder care to the way we consume popular culture. Yet
social scientists have played a surprisingly modest role in
analysing its implications, as the discussion of competition has
largely been confined to its narrow economic meaning. This book
opens up competition for the study of social scientists. Its
central message is that while competition seems ubiquitous, it
should not be taken for granted or be naturalized as an inevitable
aspect of human existence. Its emergence, maintenance, and change
are based on institutions and organizational efforts, and a central
challenge for social science is to learn more about these processes
and their outcomes. With the use of a novel definition of
competition, more fundamental questions can be addressed than
merely whether or not competition works. How is competition
constructed - and by whom? Which behaviours result from
competition? What are its consequences? Can competition be removed?
And, how do these factors vary with the object of competition - be
it money, attention, status, or other scarce and desired objects?
This book investigates these and more questions in studies of
competition among and within schools, universities, multinational
corporations, auditors, waste-disposal firms, fashion designers,
and more.
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