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Research Methodology for Social Sciences provides guidelines for
designing and conducting evidence-based research in social sciences
and interdisciplinary studies using both qualitative and
quantitative data. Blending the particularity of different
sub-disciplines and interdisciplinary nature of social sciences,
this volume: Provides insights on epistemological issues and
deliberates on debates over qualitative research methods; Covers
different aspects of qualitative research techniques and
evidence-based research techniques, including survey design, choice
of sample, construction of indices, statistical inferences and data
analysis; Discusses concepts, techniques and tools at different
stages of research, beginning with the design of field surveys to
collect raw data and then analyse it using statistical and
econometric methods. With illustrations, examples and a
reader-friendly approach, this volume will serve as a key reference
material for compulsory research methodology courses at doctoral
levels across different disciplines, such as economics, sociology,
women's studies, education, anthropology, political science,
international relations, philosophy, history and business
management. This volume will also be indispensable for postgraduate
courses dealing with quantitative techniques and data analysis.
This book was written in honour of Professor Kalyan K. Sanyal, who
was an excellent educator and renowned scholar in the field of
international economics. One of his research papers co-authored
with Ronald Jones, entitled "The Theory of Trade in Middle
Products" and published in American Economic Review in 1982, was a
seminal work in the field of international trade theory. This paper
would go on to inspire many subsequent significant works by
researchers across the globe on trade in intermediate goods. The
larger impact of any paper, beyond the number of citations, lies in
terms of the passion it sparks among younger researchers to pursue
new questions. Measured by this yardstick, Sanyal's contribution in
trade theory will undoubtedly be regarded as historic. After
completing his Ph.D. at the University of Rochester he joined the
Department of Economics at Calcutta University in the early 1980s
and taught trade theory there for almost three decades. His
insights, articulation and brilliance in teaching international
economics have influenced and shaped the intellectual development
of many of his students. After his sudden passing in February 2012,
his students and colleagues organized a symposium in his honour at
the Department of Economics, Jadavpur University from April 19 to
20, 2012. This book, a small tribute to his intellect and
contribution, has been a follow-up on that endeavour, and a
collective effort of many people including his teachers, friends,
colleagues and students. In a nutshell it discusses intermediation
of various kinds with significant implications for market
integration through trade and finance. That trade can generate many
non-trade-service sector links has recently emerged as a topic of
growing concern and can trace its lineage back to the idea of the
middle product, a recurring concept in Prof. Sanyal's work.
This book deals with the impact that international trade is likely
to have on the skilled-unskilled wage gap in a typical developing
economy. This is the first theoretical monograph on this particular
issue which has already generated substantial debate and voluminous
work for the developed countries. A unique feature of this work is
that it tries to explain the possibility of rising inequality
across trading nations and looks at the segmented labour markets of
the poor economies. It makes convincing arguments that the standard
general equilibrium models, the main workhorse of trade theory, can
be given a creative facelift to address a number of critical and
emerging issues in the area of trade and development.
Research Methodology for Social Sciences provides guidelines for
designing and conducting evidence-based research in social sciences
and interdisciplinary studies using both qualitative and
quantitative data. Blending the particularity of different
sub-disciplines and interdisciplinary nature of social sciences,
this volume: Provides insights on epistemological issues and
deliberates on debates over qualitative research methods; Covers
different aspects of qualitative research techniques and
evidence-based research techniques, including survey design, choice
of sample, construction of indices, statistical inferences and data
analysis; Discusses concepts, techniques and tools at different
stages of research, beginning with the design of field surveys to
collect raw data and then analyse it using statistical and
econometric methods. With illustrations, examples and a
reader-friendly approach, this volume will serve as a key reference
material for compulsory research methodology courses at doctoral
levels across different disciplines, such as economics, sociology,
women's studies, education, anthropology, political science,
international relations, philosophy, history and business
management. This volume will also be indispensable for postgraduate
courses dealing with quantitative techniques and data analysis.
Through the process of globalization, the trade dependence and int-
dependence of the developing countries have increased phenomenally
than ever before. The characteristic of this late twentieth-century
globalization process has been the new technological revolution
that has led to a high rate of world exports of electronics and
other high-technology products. This has marginalized most of the
developing countries exporting largely the low quality and low
value-addition manufacturing and primary products, barring a few
exceptions like China, India and Mexico. The fruits of
globalization have, therefore, been unevenly distributed so far
across the developed and the developing countries. Moreover,
whatever little growth in exports of medium technology products has
been achieved by a few of them, is largely driven by outsourcing of
low value-addition and low- stage of activities by the foreign
multinationals. Outsourcing of software services, rather than
development of software packages, in India and assembly line for
automobiles in Mexico are the two glaring examples. These
activities may have boosted the total exports of these countries,
but they have failed to generate any feedback effect on the rest of
the economy in terms of skill formation, increase in overall
productivity level and product diversification.
This book was written in honour of Professor Kalyan K. Sanyal,
who was an excellent educator and renowned scholar in the field of
international economics. One of his research papers co-authored
with Ronald Jones, entitled " The Theory of Trade in Middle
Products " and published in "American Economic Review" in 1982, was
a seminal work in the field of international trade theory. This
paper would go on to inspire many subsequent significant works by
researchers across the globe on trade in intermediate goods. The
larger impact of any paper, beyond the number of citations, lies in
terms of the passion it sparks among younger researchers to pursue
new questions. Measured by this yardstick, Sanyal s contribution in
trade theory will undoubtedly be regarded as historic.
After completing his Ph.D. at the University of Rochester he joined
the Department of Economics at Calcutta University in the early
1980s and taught trade theory there for almost three decades. His
insights, articulation and brilliance in teaching international
economics have influenced and shaped the intellectual development
of many of his students.
After his sudden passing in February 2012, his students and
colleagues organized a symposium in his honour at the Department of
Economics, Jadavpur University from April 19 to 20, 2012. This
book, a small tribute to his intellect and contribution, has been a
follow-up on that endeavour, and a collective effort of many people
including his teachers, friends, colleagues and students. In a
nutshell it discusses intermediation of various kinds with
significant implications for market integration through trade and
finance. That trade can generate many non-trade-service sector
links has recently emerged as a topic of growing concern and can
trace its lineage back to the idea of the middle product, a
recurring concept in Prof. Sanyal s work.
Given the increasing sensitivity of buyers in the richer countries
towards quality of goods they consume, low-quality exports largely
constrain export-growth of the developing countries. This Element
documents the attempts to estimate cross-country quality variations
and reviews the demand side and supply side explanations for the
low-quality phenomenon. It examines how trade policies can
incentivize export-quality upgrading, and discusses the underlying
channels through which a reverse causality from export-quality upon
within-country income or wage inequality may develop.
Complementing trade theories with relevant trade empirics, this
book covers three aspects of the study of International Economics:
pure theory of trade, trade policy, and theory of Balance of
Payments (BoP) and exchange rate. In the first part, it discusses
the basic principles of international trade between dissimilar
countries as well as between similar countries, and implications
thereof in terms of welfare, income distribution, and growth. The
approach taken here is distinctly different from that in most of
the existing textbooks on international economics. Instead of
model-specific discussions of the basic issues, it discusses the
basic principles governing trade, gains from trade, and
characteristics of international equilibrium in the context of a
general trading environment of open economies. Subsequently,
specific models of trade are introduced as alternative theoretical
explanations for the basic principles of trade. In the second part,
a wide range of policy issues are analysed including unilateral
trade restrictions and promotions; reciprocatory trade policy
choices through regionalism; product standards that regulate trade
between developed and developing countries; and implications of
capital inflow, FDI, fragmentation, and global value chains. In the
third part, the book discusses different currency and exchange rate
regimes and their implications for a country's balance of payments
and foreign exchange reserves. Drawing upon the basic theories, it
studies expenditure-reducing and expenditure-switching policies to
correct for BoP imbalances under a pegged exchange rate regime.
Finally, some reflections on the choice of exchange rate regime and
optimum currency area wind up discussions of monetary issues in
international economics.
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