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Becoming a middle-income economy is an explicit development goal of
many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. This book assesses the
implications of that goal for secondary education in Ethiopia. It
shows that a rapid expansion of secondary education will be needed
to support the country s transition from a low-income economy with
substantial subsistence agriculture to a lower-middle-income
economy with an increased share of commercial agriculture, as well
as growing industrial and service sectors. As Ethiopia moves
towards this goal, the demand for a labor force with skills beyond
basic literacy and numeracy will increase, which in turn will fuel
demand for secondary education. The implications of this demand are
significant, as the profile of entrants into secondary education
will change from students aspiring to higher education to students
with a much more diverse range of aspirations and abilities. At
present, the existing secondary curriculum is primarily designed to
prepare students for university studies; if it is retained, it will
not only fail students, it may also fail the country s aspirations
for middle-income status. A flexible curriculum that serves the
needs of all students and helps them develop the higher-level
skills demanded by employers is critically important. The massive
expansion of secondary education needed in Ethiopia will require
significant additional resources. The book argues that financing
reforms aimed at using existing resources more efficiently and
mobilizing more nongovernment resources will be indispensible.
Specifically, it advocates launching financing reforms within a
broad framework that, among other components, includes governance
reforms that implement school-based management, changes in teacher
preparation and development, and improved student examinations.
Finally, the report emphasizes that the success of secondary
reforms will to a large extent depend on the achievements of
primary education, particularly in light of low primary learning
outcomes and the unfinished agenda of universal primary education.
This may be the first book to specifically address how secondary
education should be reformed in order to help countries transition
from low- to middle-income economies and is intended to help
initiate deliberations on this important topic. The primary
audience for the book is comprised of policy makers, academicians,
development practitioners, the education bureaucracy, and
teachers."
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