South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia. The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume will have three major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world, book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses.

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia. The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume will have four major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world, book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses.

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia. The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume will have three major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world, book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses.

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia. The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability.

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia. The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume will have three major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world, book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses.

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. Although linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst linguists working on South Asia. The Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume will have three major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world, book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses.

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. The considerable body of linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale. Despite this, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst South Asian linguists. The YEARBOOK OF SOUTH ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume of this annual series will have four major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses. IV. A forum for dialogue; critiques; comments and discussions; reports on research activities; and conference announcements. In the words of the Editor-in-Chief, 'other than excellence and non-isolationism, we have no agenda and no thematic priorities'. This pioneering series will interest all those in the fields of sociolinguistics, language studies, grammar, literature and sociology.

Sometimes we think The man is just like the rain. Both bring greenery or destruction in the life. A man does it by showering his sweat in the right or wrong way. Both are useful and both are destructive.................. This book is a collection of poems about man, success, problems, love, friendship, and many more things. This book makes you think about a man, problems of life. Love and friendship.

In this book, two estimators of population total in stratified sampling under the single super-population model across the strata were developed and its properties and robustness were studied. It has been shown that both estimators remained robust and BLUE even under the model for stratified balanced and overbalanced samples. It has also been found that both estimators were more efficient than that of due to Scott et al. (1978 and Royall & Herson (1973b) under certain condition. The main tool in development of linear predictors in stratified sampling was the results of Pereira and Rodrigues (1983), which have been briefly mentioned in the book. Following the work of Bouza (1990, 1994), two sets of shrunken estimators were also developed under the model M and Mh respectively, in stratified sampling, where slopes of the models were common and uncommon across the strata. The proposed shrunken estimators have been found more efficient and robust as compared to that of Bouza (1990, 1994).

This book provides a study on wound healing and anti inflammatory activity of rhizomes of kali haldi. Kali haldi is ayurvedic plant used traditionaly in india for treating fever, epilepsi, tootheche, fever, vometing, bronchitis etc. In present study ethanolic extract of rhizomes of kali haldi evaluated for wound healing and anti inflammatory activity in wistar rats. wound healing activity is proved by incision and excision wound healing model and anti inflammatory activity is proved by carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats.

This book provides a study on hepatoprotective efficacy of ethanolic extract of rhizomes of black turmeric. Black turmeric is a medicinal ayurvedic herb used traditionally among tribes in india for centuries for treating leucoderma, asthma, tumors, piles, epilepsy, toothache, fever, vomiting, bronchitis etc. In present study ethanolic extract of rhizomes of balck turmeric evaluated for paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. Several biochemical parameters like SGPT, SGOT, ALP and several antioxidant parameters like Lipid peroxidation and GSH assay were performed in this study for evaluating protective effect of black turmeric in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.

Among the charms of dream's world, we find many kinds of dreams. No two persons are really the same. They have different attitudes, visions of life, dreams, hobbies and mind. Someone wants to be businessperson; someone wants to be flight officer. Some one wants to be politician and many more. Here I'm starting to tell a character of my story book "The Heart Champion" that wanted to be the champion of hearts. He dreamed to be the most loved person in the world. He wished that whenever he might be died, people would make the rain of tears. They would organize prayers to recall to the world and people would never forget him. you can win the race, you can win the trophy, and you can win the land. But winning for Hearts is difficult. One who can win the heart is a real winner in the World. A story of love, dedicated friendship and bravery, you must read.

Aphids are most important group of phytophagous insects having several biological peculiarities such as prolific breeding, polyphagism, advanced degree of polymorphism, telescopic reproduction, host alternation and high potential for rapid evolutionary changes because of parthenogenesis and polyvoltinism. Some aphids are anholocyclic (parthenogenetic), while others living in colder climate are holocyclic (sexual generation alternates with parthenogenetic ones). About 20% of the described species from India are parthenogenetic virginoparous for most of the year but capable of sexual reproduction with production of eggs. The present contribution is a first consolidated account of aphid sexuales so far known from India. It incorporates detail illustrative account, morphological descriptions and morphometry of aphid sexuales with necessary keys for identification. Light has also been thrown on the holocycly of aphids occurring in Indian scenario. The book, thus, fulfils the maximum lacunae found in the earlier works on the sexual morphs of India. It is believed that the contribution, being first of its kind in India will prove a useful addition to the libraries and to the large section

Aphids or plant lice, are small, soft bodied, sucking insects that feed on plant fluids. Heavy infestations reduce plant growth. Honey dew produced by Aphids makes leaves and flowers sticky and acts as a substrate for black sooty fungus. Their tremendous damaging potential related to their high breeding capacity, polymorphism, parthenogenetic and host alteration. About 4700 aphid species are known worldwide. About 803 species/subspecies belonging to 207 genera represents Indian Aphididae. The desert area represents less number of aphids species. The green citrus aphid Aphis spiraecola Patch (homoptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important polyphagous species found in India, is cosmopolitan. Aphis spiraecola is pestiferous over 65 plant genera especially Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Solanaceae. Aphis spiraecola is pest of Mexican aster and Lemon, damages directly or indirectly mainly in Northeastern Uttar Pradesh, India. The biosystematical and bioecological study of the aphids furnishes useful taxonomical, biological and ecological infestation and is necessary for formulating and control programme.

The forest soil supports a complex of animal communities of which soil arthropods are of prime importance since they constitute the major component of soil mesofauna and are useful bioindicators of ecosystem health. Considering the important role of soil arthropods in the decomposition process and maintenance of soil fertility in the soil ecosystem, the present study investigate the ecology of soil arthropods in the sal and teak forest ecosystem of Gorakhpur, U.P., India. The book provides more information on distributional pattern of soil arthropods chiefly Acarina and Collembola followed by Symphyla, Diplura, Protura, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera etc. derived from different forest habitats including different depths of soil. Further, it highlights the correlation between various microclimatic conditions with the monthly fluctuations of soil arthropods in both protected and degraded forest ecosystems. We hope this book will be helpful as a base for future investigations in the field of forest ecology, soil ecology, distribution pattern of microarthropods in soil in tropical and subtropical parts of the world.

Growth in the information and communication technology (ICT) sector has exploded over the past 20 years. Continuous dynamic market and technology developments in this sector have led to a phenomenon known as convergence, which is defined in this volume as the erosion of boundaries between previously separate ICT services, networks, and business practices. Some examples include cable television networks that offer phone service, Internet television, and mergers between media and telecommunications firms. The results are exciting and hold significant promise for developing countries, which can benefit from expanded access, greater competition, and increased investments. However, convergence in ICT is challenging traditional policy and regulatory frameworks. With convergence occurring in countries across the spectrum of economic development, it is critical that policy makers and regulators understand and respond in ways that maximize the benefits while mitigating the risks. This volume analyzes the strategic and regulatory dimensions of convergence. It offers policy makers and regulators examples from countries around the world as they address this phenomenon. The authors suggest that countries that enable convergence are likely to reap the greater rewards, but the precise nature of the response will vary by country. Hence, this book offers global principles that should be tailored to local circumstances as regulatory frameworks evolve to address convergence.

Even before the economic recession in the US its growth had slowed down. The US till recently was the economy which was pulling the rest of the world along the growth path has stopped doing so. India (and China both of which have high economic growth rates) is being called a superpower which is expected to pull the rest of the world along the growth path and out of the recession. However, an Analysis of the Competitive Advantage Among States in India shows that like in China it is only the coastal States in the South and West (with the exception of the states near the National Capital Region) with lower rates of population growth, higher urbanization, better education, etc. which are growing economically fast. The rest of India without these advantages is not able be part of this high growth economy. The representation of the different forces in the Indian economy requires a significant modification of the Five Forces Model of Porter and its modifications by others. As a result of this rapid growth in one part of India almost three fourth's of the Foreign Direct Investment is going to these states aggravating the imbalance. The Government of India is not able to do much about it.

Off state leakage current related power dominates the CMOS heat dissipation problem of state of the art silicon integrated circuits. In this study, this issue has been addressed in terms of a low-cost single wafer processing (SWP) technique using a single tool for the fabrication of high- dielectric gate stacks for sub-45 nm CMOS. A system for monolayer photoassisted deposition was modified to deposit high-quality HfO2 films with in-situ clean, in-situ oxide film deposition, and in-situ anneal capability. The system was automated with Labview 8.2 for gas/precursor delivery, substrate temperature and UV lamp. The gold-hafnium oxide-aluminum (Au-HfO2-Al) stacks processed in this system had superior quality oxide characteristics with gate leakage current density on the order of 1 x 10-12 A/cm2 @ 1V and maximum capacitance on the order of 75 nF for EOT=0.39 nm. Achieving low leakage current density along with high capacitance demonstrated the excellent performance of the process developed. Detailed study of the deposition characteristics such as linearity, saturation behavior, film thickness and temperature dependence was performed for tight control on process parameters. Using Box-Behnken design of experiments, process optimization was performed for an optimal recipe for HfO2 films. UV treatment with in-situ processing of metal/high- dielectric stacks was studied to provide reduced variation in gate leakage current and capacitance. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to calculate the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) and dielectric constant of the films. Overall, this study shows that the in-situ fabrication of MIS gate stacks allows for lower processingcosts, high throughput, and superior device performance.

South Asia is home to a large number of languages and dialects. The considerable body of linguists working on this region have made significant contributions to our understanding of language, society, and language in society on a global scale. Despite this, there is as yet no recognized international forum for the exchange of ideas amongst South Asian linguists. The YEARBOOK OF SOUTH ASIAN LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS is designed to be just that forum. It brings together empirical and theoretical research and serves as a testing ground for the articulation of new ideas and approaches which may be grounded in a study of South Asian languages but which have universal applicability. Each volume of this annual series will have four major sections: I. Invited contributions consisting of state-of-the-art essays on research in South Asian languages. II. Refereed open submissions focusing on relevant issues and providing various viewpoints. III. Reports from around the world book reviews and abstracts of doctoral theses. IV. A forum for dialogue; critiques; comments and discussions; reports on research activities; and conference announcements. In the words of the Editor-in-Chief, 'other than excellence and non-isolationism, we have no agenda and no thematic priorities'. This pioneering series will interest all those in the fields of sociolinguistics, language studies, grammar, literature and sociology.