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This SpringerBrief presents a brief introduction to probabilistic
risk assessment (PRA), followed by a discussion of abnormal event
detection techniques in industrial control systems (ICS). It also
provides an introduction to the use of game theory for the
development of cyber-attack response models and a discussion on the
experimental testbeds used for ICS cyber security research. The
probabilistic risk assessment framework used by the nuclear
industry provides a valid framework to understand the impacts of
cyber-attacks in the physical world. An introduction to the PRA
techniques such as fault trees, and event trees is provided along
with a discussion on different levels of PRA and the application of
PRA techniques in the context of cybersecurity. A discussion on
machine learning based fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods
and cyber-attack detection methods for industrial control systems
are introduced in this book as well. A dynamic Bayesian networks
based method that can be used to detect an abnormal event and
classify it as either a component fault induced safety event or a
cyber-attack is discussed. An introduction to the stochastic game
formulation of the attacker-defender interaction in the context of
cyber-attacks on industrial control systems to compute optimal
response strategies is presented. Besides supporting cyber-attack
response, the analysis based on the game model also supports the
behavioral study of the defender and the attacker during a
cyber-attack, and the results can then be used to analyze the risk
to the system caused by a cyber-attack. A brief review of the
current state of experimental testbeds used in ICS cybersecurity
research and a comparison of the structures of various testbeds and
the attack scenarios supported by those testbeds is included. A
description of a testbed for nuclear power applications, followed
by a discussion on the design of experiments that can be carried
out on the testbed and the associated results is covered as well.
This SpringerBrief is a useful resource tool for researchers
working in the areas of cyber security for industrial control
systems, energy systems and cyber physical systems. Advanced-level
students that study these topics will also find this SpringerBrief
useful as a study guide.
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