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Zentrales Buch zur Geschichte Frankfurts Im Selbstverstandnis der
Zeitgenossen war Frankfurt im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert eine Stadt,
"wo Freyheit, Gleichheit, Stille und Zufriedenheit herrscht, und wo
jeder seyn kann, was er will." Die historische Forschung hingegen
betont immer wieder die Unfreiheiten der standischen
Burgergesellschaft, ihr konservatives Verhalten und ihre
Unfahigkeit zur Modernisierung. Es herrscht die Meinung vor, dass
Veranderungen im wesentlichen von aussen angeregt wurden. Stets
habe Frankfurt von der Unterwerfung unter einen fremden Willen
profitiert. Ralf Roth geht diesem Widerspruch nach und entwirft ein
Bild der Frankfurter Burger, das das sozialgeschichtliche Konzept
der Burgerlichkeit ins Wanken bringt: Die Frankfurter seien
eigenwillige und selbstbewusste Burger gewesen, die ihre Lebenswelt
nach eigenem Willen gestalteten. Die Stadt hatte als Lebensraum fur
die Konstituierung des deutschen Burgertums grosse Bedeutung.
Wirtschaftliche, soziale, politische und kulturelle
Verhaltensweisen und Traditionen, die sich bereits im 18.
Jahr-hundert geformt hatten, wirkten bis ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein
fort. Die sozialen Beziehungen der burgerlichen Gesellschaft
bildeten kein starres Gefuge, eher reagierten sie dynamisch auf
innere wie aussere Veranderungen. Auffallend ist die
Langfristigkeit und der Zusammenhang zahlreicher Prozesse, die sich
relativ unabhangig von den grossen politischen Umbruchen vollzogen.
Vielfach wurde das Neue nicht einfach an die Stelle des Alten
gesetzt, sondern das Alte zum Neuen umgewandelt. Der Autor: Ralf
Roth, Dr.phil., ist Historiker in Frankfurt am Main."
Until now we have only had relatively narrow economic studies
comparing investments in railways with investments in other fields
of individual economies. 'Across the Borders' not only opens the
door for fundamental new insights into a trans-national view of
railway history, but also contributes to a breakthrough in the
wider study of the subject, providing the first extensive
historical investigation of the worldwide system of railway
financing. This book provides a wide introduction to how
financiers, governments and entrepreneurs in Europe managed to face
the challenges of constructing and maintaining an integrated
railway network, both in their own countries and their colonies.
This volume offers analysis from a selection of experts exploring
the trans-national investment policies of railway construction
based on numerous historical case-studies. The chapters provide
insight into the international opportunities that existed for
railway financing, from the perspective of economic, social,
transport and railway history. With contributions from authors from
19 countries the volume is a truly international work that will be
of interest to academic researchers, museum staff, archivists, and
anyone who has an interest in the history and development of
railways.
During the nineteenth century, railway lines spread rapidly across
Europe, linking the continent in ways unimaginable to previous
generations. By the beginning of the twentieth century the great
cities of the continent were linked by a complex and extensive rail
network. Yet this high-point of interconnectivity, was abruptly
cut-off after 1945, as the Cold War built barriers - both physical
and ideological - between east and west. In this volume, leading
transport history scholars take a fresh look at this situation, and
the ramifications it had for Europe. As well as addressing the
parallel development of railways either side of the Iron Curtain,
the book looks at how transport links have been reconnected and
reconfigured in the twenty years since the reunification of Europe.
In particular, it focuses upon the former communist countries and
how they have responded to the challenges and opportunities
railways offer both nationally and internationally. Including
contributions from historians, researchers, policy makers,
representatives of railway companies and railway museum staff, the
essays in this collection touch upon a rich range of subjects.
Divided into four sections: 'The Historical Overview', 'Under
Russian Protection', After the Fall of the Iron Curtain, and 'The
Heritage of Railways in Eastern Europe' the volume offers a broadly
chronological introduction to the issue, that provides both a
snap-shot of current debates and a starting point for further
research. It concludes that in an era of increased globalisation
and interconnectivity - and despite the rise of air and road
transport and virtual methods of communication - railways still
have a crucial role to play in the development of a prosperous and
connected Europe.
The question of who actually ran cities in the eighteenth,
nineteenth, and twentieth centuries has been increasingly debated
in recent years. As well as trying to understand the distribution
of political power and the rise of broad political participation,
urban historians have questioned how and whether elites retained
influence in municipal government. The essays in this collection
provide a detailed examination of the relationship between urban
elites and the exercise of 'power', bringing together economic,
social and cultural history with the political history of power
resources and decision-making. The volume challenges common
perceptions of a monolithic urban elite by looking at specific case
studies. Collectively these essays provide a more sophisticated
view of the exercise of urban power as the negotiation of various
elite groups defined by their economic, social, political or
cultural privilege. To contribute to this complex account of the
history of cities, elites, and their influence, the collection
applies a range of methodological approaches to studying European
and American cities, as well as the wider world.
During the nineteenth century, railway lines spread rapidly across
Europe, linking the continent in ways unimaginable to previous
generations. By the beginning of the twentieth century the great
cities of the continent were linked by a complex and extensive rail
network. Yet this high-point of interconnectivity, was abruptly
cut-off after 1945, as the Cold War built barriers - both physical
and ideological - between east and west. In this volume, leading
transport history scholars take a fresh look at this situation, and
the ramifications it had for Europe. As well as addressing the
parallel development of railways either side of the Iron Curtain,
the book looks at how transport links have been reconnected and
reconfigured in the twenty years since the reunification of Europe.
In particular, it focuses upon the former communist countries and
how they have responded to the challenges and opportunities
railways offer both nationally and internationally. Including
contributions from historians, researchers, policy makers,
representatives of railway companies and railway museum staff, the
essays in this collection touch upon a rich range of subjects.
Divided into four sections: 'The Historical Overview', 'Under
Russian Protection', After the Fall of the Iron Curtain, and 'The
Heritage of Railways in Eastern Europe' the volume offers a broadly
chronological introduction to the issue, that provides both a
snap-shot of current debates and a starting point for further
research. It concludes that in an era of increased globalisation
and interconnectivity - and despite the rise of air and road
transport and virtual methods of communication - railways still
have a crucial role to play in the development of a prosperous and
connected Europe.
Until now we have only had relatively narrow economic studies
comparing investments in railways with investments in other fields
of individual economies. 'Across the Borders' not only opens the
door for fundamental new insights into a trans-national view of
railway history, but also contributes to a breakthrough in the
wider study of the subject, providing the first extensive
historical investigation of the worldwide system of railway
financing. This book provides a wide introduction to how
financiers, governments and entrepreneurs in Europe managed to face
the challenges of constructing and maintaining an integrated
railway network, both in their own countries and their colonies.
This volume offers analysis from a selection of experts exploring
the trans-national investment policies of railway construction
based on numerous historical case-studies. The chapters provide
insight into the international opportunities that existed for
railway financing, from the perspective of economic, social,
transport and railway history. With contributions from authors from
19 countries the volume is a truly international work that will be
of interest to academic researchers, museum staff, archivists, and
anyone who has an interest in the history and development of
railways.
The question of who actually ran cities in the eighteenth,
nineteenth, and twentieth centuries has been increasingly debated
in recent years. As well as trying to understand the distribution
of political power and the rise of broad political participation,
urban historians have questioned how and whether elites retained
influence in municipal government. The essays in this collection
provide a detailed examination of the relationship between urban
elites and the exercise of 'power', bringing together economic,
social and cultural history with the political history of power
resources and decision-making. The volume challenges common
perceptions of a monolithic urban elite by looking at specific case
studies. Collectively these essays provide a more sophisticated
view of the exercise of urban power as the negotiation of various
elite groups defined by their economic, social, political or
cultural privilege. To contribute to this complex account of the
history of cities, elites, and their influence, the collection
applies a range of methodological approaches to studying European
and American cities, as well as the wider world.
The coming of the railways signalled the transformation of European
society, allowing the quick and cheap mass transportation of people
and goods on a previously unimaginable scale. By the early decades
of the twentieth century, however, the domination of rail transport
was threatened by increased motorised road transport which would
quickly surpass and eclipse the trains, only itself to be
challenged in the twenty-first century by a renewal of interest in
railways. Yet, as the studies in this volume make clear, to view
the relationship between road and rail as a simple competition
between two rival forms of transportation, is a mistake. Rail
transport did not vanish in the twentieth century any more than
road transport vanished in the nineteenth with the appearance of
the railways. Instead a mutual interdependence has always existed,
balancing the strengths and weaknesses of each system. It is that
interdependence that forms the major theme of this collection.
Divided into two main sections, the first part of the book offers a
series of chapters examining how railway companies reacted to
increasing competition from road transport, and exploring the
degree to which railways depended on road transportation at
different times and places. Part two focuses on road mobility,
interpreting it as the innovative success story of the twentieth
century. Taken together, these essays provide a fascinating
reappraisal of the complex and shifting nature of European
transportation over the last one hundred years.
This volume explores the relationship between cities and railways
over three centuries. Despite their nearly 200-year existence, The
City and the Railway in the World shows that urban railways are
still politically and historically important to the modern world.
Since its inception, cities have played a significant role in the
railway system; cities were among the main reasons for building
such efficient but lavish and costly modes of transport for
persons, goods, and information. They also influenced the
technological appearance of railways as these have had to meet
particular demands for transport in urban areas. In 25 essays, this
volume demonstrates that the relationship between the city and the
railway is one of the most publicly debated themes in the context
of daily lives in growing urban settings, as well as in the second
urbanisation of the global South with migration from rural to urban
landscapes. The volume's broad geographical range includes
discussions of railway networks, railway stations, and urban rails
in countries such as India, Japan, England, Belgium, Romania,
Nigeria, the USA, and Mexico. The City and the Railway in the World
will be a useful tool for scholars interested in the history of
transport, travel, and urban change.
Recent years have seen an alarming rise in antiintellectual
outbursts by politicians, documented threats against radical
scholars across continents, and serious blows to the fundamental
right of scientific freedom. Scientific Freedom under Attack is an
edited volume that ties together proceedings of the international
conference on "The Problems of Scientific Freedoms in Modern and
Contemporary History", which was held at the Goethe University,
Frankfurt am Main, on in November 2018. Covering a broad geographic
and temporal span, stretching from the early nineteenth century
through the Cold War and on to the neoliberal era, from Eurasia to
China and to the United States, it presents an illuminating and
important panorama of the political and structural challenges that
scientific production and critical thinking continue to face. As
these forces continue to attack scientific freedom, this volume
offers necessary and critical analysis of their emergence.
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