Many developing and transition economies have not yet undertaken the policy integration measures needed to enhance the impact of industry on sustainable development. In this original and insightful book, national experts from Chile, China, the Czech Republic, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey and Zimbabwe - countries which all have designated national sustainable development strategies - report on the extent to which recent changes in industrial, environmental and technology policies have more closely aligned industrial development with the aims of sustainable development. For each country, the authors critically assess a number of important topics including, amongst others, broad trends in sustainable development; policies for promoting growth of the manufacturing sector; policies and institutions for (industrial) environmental management; efforts to encourage the use of environmentally sound technologies; obstacles to enhancing the contribution of manufacturing to sustainable development; and priorities for future action. The results prove disappointing and reveal that none of the seven countries has yet achieved the degree of policy integration that could be characterised as an industrial component of a national sustainable development strategy. Compared to ten years ago, industry in only two of the seven countries (China and the Czech Republic) is making any substantial contribution to socio-economic development whilst attempting to reduce its negative effects on the environment. However, the country reports do identify some positive steps that have been taken and that other countries might adopt in their efforts to enhance the impacts of industry on sustainable development. This book charts the progress towards sustainable development of seven developing and transition economies and the consequences of industry on this objective. The realistic assessment of the advances which have been made will be of particular benefit and interest to practitioners of economic development, industrial economics and environmental management.

Industries located in developing countries have made major improvements in environmental performance since the Rio Earth Summit of 1992. More specifically, their record in reducing energy-use and water-pollutant intensities has been better than developed countries. This significant new book investigates what motivates industries in developing countries to adopt environmentally sound technology (EST) - a subject about which very little is actually known. The authors present the findings of a United Nations study of the factors that determined EST adoption by 105 manufacturing plants in four different sectors within eight developing countries. They explore both factors internal to the plants as well as external factors including governments, markets and civil society. Environment and Industry in Developing Countries will be of great interest to development assistance agencies supporting programmes for industrial environmental management in developing countries, and also to graduate school programmes in economic development, technology management, as well as in international business.

A management agency --such as a publicly or privately owned electric utility -- must, if it is to be efficient in carrying out its day-to-day tasks, have a means of monitoring its performance to assess the efficiency of its operations and the effectiveness of its planning. For example, how did the demand for electricity compare with that assumed in planning? How effective were the incentives applied to induce energy conservation by users? Such ex post analyses are essential for improving the planning process and hence for improving decisions with respect to efficiency and resource allocation. Unfortunately, it seems to be very difficult for public agencies to make such ex post evaluations an integral part of agency activities, whether the agencies are "producers," e. g. , the Corps of Engineers or the Bureau of Reclamation with respect to water resources management, or are regulatory agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency or the Food and Drug Administration. Here and there a few ex post analyses of agency programs have been done, but rarely by the responsible agency itself. These analyses have attempted to compare the results actually achieved with the results estimated in planning, either in terms of project outputs or in terms of effectiveness of regulatory and/or economic incentives in inducing desired changes in behavior.