How does a multi-ethnic society resolve the contentious issue of shares and resource allocation without damaging the state? Arguing that ethnic divides in underdeveloped states are much more evident than in developed countries, this study examines inequality in relation to distributive justice, the adaptation of political structures and institutions, the role of symbols of recognition in representation and strategies of conflict management in power sharing, resource allocation and public policy.

In recent years a number of countries have introduced affirmative action programmes in order to put right historical injustices and economic inequalities involving ethnic communities. This book examines affirmative action programmes in a range of countries around the world. It discusses how such programmes came about and how they have been implemented, and examines their effectiveness. Throughout it explores how far affirmative action programmes reinforce ethnic identities and thereby contribute to division and conflict. The countries covered are India, the United States, South Africa, Northern Ireland, Brazil, Malaysia and Fiji.

How does a multi-ethnic society resolve the contentious issue of resource allocation without damaging the state? This study examines inequality in terms of distributive justice, adaptation of political institutions, the role of symbols of recognition in representation and conflict management in power sharing, resource allocation and public policy.

In recent years a number of countries have introduced affirmative action programmes in order to put right historical injustices and economic inequalities involving ethnic communities. This book examines affirmative action programmes in a range of countries around the world. It discusses how such programmes came about and how they have been implemented, and examines their effectiveness. Throughout it explores how far affirmative action programmes reinforce ethnic identities and thereby contribute to division and conflict. The countries covered are India, the United States, South Africa, Northern Ireland, Brazil, Malaysia and Fiji.