Decisionmaking literature, which has emphasized the act of solving problems, has long neglected the need to identify problems as precisely as possible. This book examines the nature of problems and decisionmaking and their impact on people who direct an organization. It further focuses on how executives respond to take action at the upper levels of their organizations.

The book stresses problem identification, which executives frequently ignore because of their preoccupation with problem solving. It looks at the need to avoid viewing solutions as remedies achieved at predetermined milestones. It examines options other than solutions, such as accommodation and coping, and it looks at the executive environment associated with outcomes along a spectrum ranging from perfection, to progress, to failure. The author argues that executives should abandon the attempt to predetermine objectives over time and adopt a Problem Exchange Ratio (PER) concept. The executive then compares the status of problems over time, creating a ratio. The PER approach considers the problems that solutions themselves trigger. It then allows executives to see where they stand and suggests ways of ameliorating unwanted conditions. The author provides illustrative cases and episodes from both the public and private sectors. Combining theory and practical aspects of executive decisionmaking, this book gives the reader a fuller understanding of the link between decisions and problems.

In general approach and content, this book resembles Alex Haley's best-selling novel, Roots, except that this work contains no fiction. It chronicles thirty generations and a thousand years of Sanders (and Saunders) family evolution beginning before England's earliest days and ending across the Atlantic in colonial Virginia and eventually frontier and later Kentucky. Family figures are portrayed in their own distinctive historical contexts and an extensive genealogy focused on old world lineage is appended. Nearly a thousand chapter notes on sources and names are furnished to assist readers interested in discovering their own ancestry.

How to created paper snowflakes. Instructions on making paper snowflakes with images in the patterns.

This volume is the produce of an effort to portral current analytical thought converning the psychological conflict between the East and the West. [1961]

This volume is the product of an effort to portral current analytical thought converning the psychological conflict between the East and the West. [Facsimile edition 1961]

In general approach and content, this book resembles Alex Haley's best-selling novel, Roots, except that this work contains no fiction. It chronicles thirty generations and a thousand years of Sanders (and Saunders) family evolution beginning before England's earliest days and ending across the Atlantic in colonial Virginia and eventually frontier and later Kentucky. Family figures are portrayed in their own distinctive historical contexts and an extensive genealogy focused on old world lineage is appended. Nearly a thousand chapter notes on sources and names are furnished to assist readers interested in discovering their own ancestry.

As part of its mission, the Industrial College of the Armed Forces of the National Defense University continuously examines trends in defense industries worldwide. It should come as no surprise, then, that Dr. Ralph Sanders, the school's J. Carlton Ward, Jr. Distinguished Professor (now emeritus), formed and directed a research team of students to look into the rise of arms industries in newly industrializing countries. In this book, Dr. Sanders has updated, revised, and added significantly to the initial study, completing it as a Senior Fellow with the University. In the United States we think chiefly of our own country and other major powers such as the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and France as international arms producers and exporters. Sometimes we include a few other European nations (Sweden, Switzerland and Belgium) and Japan. Yet, almost unnoticed by most of us, a number of the more technologically advanced Third World countries have built significant arsenals. These nations now manufacture and export sizable quantities of arms. In this volume, Dr. Sanders explores the nature of arms production growth in these industrially vibrant countries and assesses the consequent implications for US national security. This volume represents both a concrete dividend for Industrial College support of Dr. Sanders' research and a notable product of the National Defense University's Senior Fellowship program. Dr. Sanders' analysis should increase understanding within the national security community as well as throughout the public at large about the dynamics of arms production in the Third World. His recommendations should provide guideposts for decisionmakers confronting major policy questions associated with these new arsenals. Bradley C. Hosmer Lieutenant General, US Air Force President, National Defense University