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This collection of essays addresses questions of the theory of the
firm and international business. The first section deals with
theoretical issues underpinning multinational enterprise. These are
the issues of information, re-engineering and change management and
international trade. The second section concentrates on the
inter-firm relationships of multinationals, assessing the interplay
of co-operation and adversarial behaviour. The third section deals
with applications of the principles presented in the first two
sections. The applications concern the defence equipment industry
the world automobile industry and corporate governance under
European Union Regulations.
Economics has a very strong paradigm, grounded in rational choice
behavior and concepts of equilibrium in markets. But it has its
weaknesses. These were never more apparent than in recent years
after the failure to predict, or even understand the financial
crisis of 2007-8 and the subsequent crisis of the euro. Exactly
what these weaknesses are is of course the subject of much debate.
But the crisis and the associated failures of the dominant paradigm
have had at least one salutary side effect, of providing room for
other ways of thinking to come forward and to be heard. This volume
focuses on alternative approaches to public economics. It surveys a
number of alternative approaches, and also provides some unusual
perspectives. It includes contributions by well known economists
such as Giorgio Brosio and Pierre Salmon, and a chapter by Coco and
Fedeli employing a Marxian economic approach to public economics.
Some of the chapters are very novel, including two chapters on
cognitive dissonance and one on the role of memory in modeling
cycles of extreme events. There are also chapters on Austrian
economics. And there is a welcome discussion of economic approaches
to religion and values, including a chapter on religion by the
distinguished economist Dennis Mueller, and contributions on the
role of values and ethics in politics and public economics. All in
all, the book provides a most welcome sourcebook of new and
sometimes very different ways of thinking about public economics.'
- Ronald Wintrobe, Western UniversityThis comprehensive and
thought-provoking Handbook reviews public sector economics from
pluralist perspectives that either complement or reach beyond
mainstream views. The book takes a comprehensive interdisciplinary
approach, drawing on economic elements in the fields of philosophy,
sociology, psychology, history and law. The expert contributors
present new methodological approaches across these disciplines in
five distinct sections: - 'Revisiting the Theoretical Foundations'
compares and contrasts Austrians, Marxists, public choice theorists
and Keynesians - 'Revisiting the Values' is concerned with justice,
welfare, religions and civil rights - 'Beyond Rationalistic
Rational Choice' includes chapters devoted to memory, information
and group motivation - The final sections on 'Optimal Government
and Government Failure' and 'Public Economics of Public Bads' deal
with competition among governments, their suboptimal size,
regulation, corruption, the informal economy, cognitive dissonance,
rent seeking, the UN and criminal cycles. Academics, researchers
and students with an interest in economics - particularly public
sector economics and Austrian economics - and public policy will
find this Handbook to be an invaluable reference tool.
Contributors: F. Acacia, J. Alm, G. Brady, G. Brosio, M. Caputo, M.
Casson, G. Coco, M. Cubel Sanchez, S. Fedeli, M. Florio, F. Forte,
N. Goldschmit, A. Habisch, M. Holler, J. Huerta de Soto, J.P.
Jimenez, A. Koziashvili, M.A. Leroch, C. Magazzino, M. Mantovani,
D. Montolio, R. Mudami, D.C. Mueller, S. Nitzan, D.M.A. Patti, P.
Salin, P. Salmon, F. Sobbrio, V. Tanzi, Y. Tobol, B.A. Wickstroem,
R. Zanola
In recent years there has been a growth in work on the organization
of the firm. The same period has also seen a corresponding rise in
literature dealing with the organization of the multinational firm,
but the two literatures have developed quite separately, even
though insights from each have much to offer the other. This unique
collection of essays from respected academics aims to bridge this
gap, addressing questions of the theory of the firm and
international business. The material is presented in three
sections: * The first section deals with theoretical issues
underpinning multinational enterprise. These are the issues of
information, re-engineering and change management and international
trade. * The second section concentrates on the inter-firm
relationships of multinationals, assessing the interplay of
co-operation and adversarial behaviour. * The third section deals
with applications of the principles presented in the first two
sections. The applications concern the defence equipment industry,
the world automobile industry and corporate governance under
European Union Regulations. The Organisation of the Firm is aimed
at researchers and students in the field of international business,
and is likely to appeal to advanced undergraduates and
postgraduates, as well as academics.
This book focuses on the dialectics between spatio-organisational
gaps and local contexts that characterise cross-border investments.
"Interspatial" investments - be it mergers & acquisitions
(M&A) or greenfield investments - are usually characterised by
what is referred to as "otherness", i.e. organisational and
cultural distances of the firms involved in relation to their
regional contexts. At the same time, economic, political and
socio-cultural linkages are decisive for attracting cross-border
investments to regions and for providing firms with conditions
supportive of their market success. As a consequence of being
locked into complex structures of proximities, cross-border
investments are situated in contested terrain. This terrain
triggers learning processes in both regional actors and investors,
which can result in the convergence of mindsets and organisational
issues. This book is unique in that it combines interspace (defined
as the distance between the new owner and the cross-border
venture), place (the target region), interpretation (perception and
understanding of the investment by the actors involved) and context
(institutions, actor networks and interaction), thus offering
better understanding of recent processes of globalisation. Crossing
disciplinary boundaries by integrating economic geography and
management studies, the volume adopts an innovative and spatially
informed perspective on foreign direct investments (FDI). This
perspective will be of great value to scholars, students and
practitioners. The volume is inventive in its approach in that it
offers fresh readings from interdisciplinary theoretical approaches
and combines these with valuable empirical insights from developed
as well as Emerging Economies.
This book focuses on the dialectics between spatio-organisational
gaps and local contexts that characterise cross-border investments.
"Interspatial" investments - be it mergers & acquisitions
(M&A) or greenfield investments - are usually characterised by
what is referred to as "otherness", i.e. organisational and
cultural distances of the firms involved in relation to their
regional contexts. At the same time, economic, political and
socio-cultural linkages are decisive for attracting cross-border
investments to regions and for providing firms with conditions
supportive of their market success. As a consequence of being
locked into complex structures of proximities, cross-border
investments are situated in contested terrain. This terrain
triggers learning processes in both regional actors and investors,
which can result in the convergence of mindsets and organisational
issues. This book is unique in that it combines interspace (defined
as the distance between the new owner and the cross-border
venture), place (the target region), interpretation (perception and
understanding of the investment by the actors involved) and context
(institutions, actor networks and interaction), thus offering
better understanding of recent processes of globalisation. Crossing
disciplinary boundaries by integrating economic geography and
management studies, the volume adopts an innovative and spatially
informed perspective on foreign direct investments (FDI). This
perspective will be of great value to scholars, students and
practitioners. The volume is inventive in its approach in that it
offers fresh readings from interdisciplinary theoretical approaches
and combines these with valuable empirical insights from developed
as well as Emerging Economies.
The design of an electoral system is fundamental to any democracy.
It is through electoral systems that the commitment of a society to
a political system is achieved. The peculiarities of an electoral
system assume significant importance in periods in which democratic
polities seem caught between a crisis of confidence in their
representative systems and mass apathy over the product of
government - as has recently occurred in Italy. Electoral rules
constrain available choice alternatives and therefore have profound
effects on governance of a country since different electoral rules
generate different outcome patterns even with no change in the
identity of candidates. The two most common electoral schemes are
proportional representation and plurality. The theoretical debate
concerning these two systems is of intense interest not least
because of the importance of finding a stable, democratic and
representative institutional structure that can be employed
worldwide. This topical book analyses the change of electoral rules
in Italy from proportional representation toward plurality. While
Italy is used as the illustrative case, the analysis has
far-ranging theoretical and practical implications, and will
therefore be of interest to academics and researchers of political
economy, constitutionalism and public choice.
Global economic progress in the twentieth century, while generally
encouraging, was neither continuous nor uniform. With the exception
of some Asian nations, countries that were more developed at the
beginning of the twentieth century still rank amongst the
wealthiest nations, while countries that were poorer, still lag
behind. The distinguished authors in this volume address the
fundamental causes for such heterogeneous international
experiences, placing particular emphasis on the role of
institutions. They demonstrate how the study of economic
development is increasingly linked to the development of
institutions, which allow for more complex exchanges to occur in
markets and societies. Institutions can be understood as rules or
constraints that channel individuals' actions in specific
directions, and can be formal or informal depending on their
genesis. The book highlights the connection between institutions
and economic welfare by examining countries at different stages of
development. Although the authors' study material effects, they
also look at individual well-being which is more strongly
influenced by the non-material products of institutions such as
opportunity, freedom and relationships. They move on to highlight
the role of institutions in global business, in terms of
innovation, entrepreneurship and foreign direct investment. In the
concluding chapters they focus on the actual process of transition
from one institutional framework to another. Amongst other
examples, they examine reforms to international financial
institutions and constitutional adjustments in transition
countries. This varied yet highly topical book will be invaluable
to institutional and public-choice economists, students and
researchers of the theory and policy of international business, and
social and political scientists interested in the role and
evolution of institutions.
Economics has a very strong paradigm, grounded in rational choice
behavior and concepts of equilibrium in markets. But it has its
weaknesses. These were never more apparent than in recent years
after the failure to predict, or even understand the financial
crisis of 2007-8 and the subsequent crisis of the euro. Exactly
what these weaknesses are is of course the subject of much debate.
But the crisis and the associated failures of the dominant paradigm
have had at least one salutary side effect, of providing room for
other ways of thinking to come forward and to be heard. This volume
focuses on alternative approaches to public economics. It surveys a
number of alternative approaches, and also provides some unusual
perspectives. It includes contributions by well known economists
such as Giorgio Brosio and Pierre Salmon, and a chapter by Coco and
Fedeli employing a Marxian economic approach to public economics.
Some of the chapters are very novel, including two chapters on
cognitive dissonance and one on the role of memory in modeling
cycles of extreme events. There are also chapters on Austrian
economics. And there is a welcome discussion of economic approaches
to religion and values, including a chapter on religion by the
distinguished economist Dennis Mueller, and contributions on the
role of values and ethics in politics and public economics. All in
all, the book provides a most welcome sourcebook of new and
sometimes very different ways of thinking about public economics.'
- Ronald Wintrobe, Western UniversityThis comprehensive and
thought-provoking Handbook reviews public sector economics from
pluralist perspectives that either complement or reach beyond
mainstream views. The book takes a comprehensive interdisciplinary
approach, drawing on economic elements in the fields of philosophy,
sociology, psychology, history and law. The expert contributors
present new methodological approaches across these disciplines in
five distinct sections: - 'Revisiting the Theoretical Foundations'
compares and contrasts Austrians, Marxists, public choice theorists
and Keynesians - 'Revisiting the Values' is concerned with justice,
welfare, religions and civil rights - 'Beyond Rationalistic
Rational Choice' includes chapters devoted to memory, information
and group motivation - The final sections on 'Optimal Government
and Government Failure' and 'Public Economics of Public Bads' deal
with competition among governments, their suboptimal size,
regulation, corruption, the informal economy, cognitive dissonance,
rent seeking, the UN and criminal cycles. Academics, researchers
and students with an interest in economics - particularly public
sector economics and Austrian economics - and public policy will
find this Handbook to be an invaluable reference tool.
Contributors: F. Acacia, J. Alm, G. Brady, G. Brosio, M. Caputo, M.
Casson, G. Coco, M. Cubel Sanchez, S. Fedeli, M. Florio, F. Forte,
N. Goldschmit, A. Habisch, M. Holler, J. Huerta de Soto, J.P.
Jimenez, A. Koziashvili, M.A. Leroch, C. Magazzino, M. Mantovani,
D. Montolio, R. Mudami, D.C. Mueller, S. Nitzan, D.M.A. Patti, P.
Salin, P. Salmon, F. Sobbrio, V. Tanzi, Y. Tobol, B.A. Wickstroem,
R. Zanola
Arguably, the two most important forces affecting the world economy
in the closing decades of the 20th century were globalization and
privatization. Here, privatization refers to the retreat of the
state from the economic arena, while globalization refers to the
worldwide spread of efficient market-based systems and the
consequent growth of multinational firms. The twin forces of
privatization and globalization have proceeded in parallel, but
have nonetheless had significant interactions with one another. (i)
the spectacular collapse of the state-run socialist economies; (ii)
the transfer of state-run enterprises to market governance in much
of Western Europe; and (iii) the more subtle dismantling of state
controls and legal monopolies in some sectors in the United States.
Polarization in Western democracies and the collapse of centrally planned economies have led to calls for a redefinition of the state's core functions. This collection explores shifting conceptions of constitutional political economy anchoring the state from the viewpoints of theory, systems, and applications, with a view toward identifying why changes may be desirable and how these might be implemented. Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan offers a foreword to the work and coauthors a chapter on theory of constitutional rules.
Polarization in Western democracies and the collapse of centrally planned economies have led to calls for a redefinition of the state's core functions. This collection explores shifting conceptions of constitutional political economy anchoring the state from the viewpoints of theory, systems, and applications, with a view toward identifying why changes may be desirable and how these might be implemented. Nobel Laureate James M. Buchanan offers a foreword to the work and coauthors a chapter on theory of constitutional rules.
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