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There are a very large number of plants which contain compounds
lethal to terrestrial as well as aquatic pests at doses which are
some times below those for synthetic pesticides. Use of such
products has the additional advantage that these likely to cause
contamination of the environment. After all, such compounds are not
confined to the plants in which they are found but also possibly
get distributed in the environment through air and water. Most of
the studies have been done in this area however suffer from one
common drawback. While there is much information on the toxicity
and lethal doses of plant pesticides, very little literature is
available on their mode of action and affect on non-target
organisms. For a large number of plants, data from field studies is
lacking. Obviously these, substance cannot be put to commercial use
without a study of these aspects as well. The freshwater snail
Lymnaea acuminata and Indoplanorbis exustus are commonly found in
Northern part of India. These snails are intermediate host of liver
flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica, which causes
endemic fascioliasis in cattle and live stock population in this
region.
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