The sixth generation of wireless communication (6G), succeeding 5G cellular technology, opens up several possibilities in terms of technology and its offered services. 6G is expected to allow usage of available higher frequency spectrums to cater to increased capacity, throughput, and low latency (<1 µs). 6G will witness the unification of various technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), etc., to provide an immersive user experience. It is foreseen as the accelerator of transformation and innovation globally. To make this book a fundamental resource, we have invited world-renowned experts in 6G from the industry and academia to pen down their ideas on different aspects of 6G research. The chapters in this book cover a broader scope and various related and unrelated verticals. Specifically, this book covers the following topics: 6G use cases, requirements, and enabling technologies new spectrums and their challenges for 6G privacy preservation in 6G networks aerial infrastructure for 6G networks economic challenges associated with 6G wireless networks. The encompassing intent of this book is to explore the evolution from current 5G networks towards the future 6G networks from a service, air interface, and network perspective, thereby laying out a vision for 6G networks.

6G is currently under definition, being often addressed from a plain telecommunications perspective as an evolutionary paradigm that represents an extension of 5G. Having as a horizon 2030, 6G initiatives are being deployed across the globe to further ignite the development of 6G services. At its philosophy core, 6G embodies the "human in the loop" principle. The research effort being developed towards 6G requires an interdisciplinary approach that ignites discussion across different key technological sectors, ranging from communications up to services and business cases. The contributions of this book to research in the field concern an evolutionary and interdisciplinary design of 6G as a paradigm that can be addressed by working together four different computational areas: communications; satellites and navigation; sensing; services. The book is derived from initial brainstorming that was developed during the 11th CONASENSE Symposium held in October 2021 in fortiss, Munich, Germany. Several international experts contribute to an overview on 6G key challenges, new networking trends and challenges to be overcome, and advanced 6G services. The book starts with a perspective on 6G challenges and use-cases beyond the 2030 horizon, to then continue to address the role of non-terrestrial networks and cognitive, service-centric satellite networks in future 6G services. Still with focus on 6G adaptive networking, the book continues with a debate on the need to integrate social awareness based on an interdisciplinary approach in network operations. Then, specific examples of advanced services (quantum imaging and holography; localization of the Internet of remote things) are discussed. The book is, therefore, envisioned to assist in developing critical thinking to back up novel networking, applications, and services towards 6G.

Over the last few decades wireless communications, especially Mobile Communication Technology, has evolved by leaps and bounds. The mobile communication industry has named the different major changes as generations namely 1G, 2G,..5G. We are presently looking at deployment of 5G technologies. The work for 6G has already started. This book is focused on the waveform design of 6G. It presents a discourse on a potential waveform for 6G namely Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) modulation. OTFS has a distinct feature when compared to earlier generation waveforms such that information bearing signal is placed in the delay Doppler domain as opposed to the usual placement of such signals in the time-frequency domain. This unique feature of OTFS enables it to overcome several disadvantages of a very popular and highly successful waveform namely Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OTFS is known to be more resilient to frequency offset and Doppler which is one of the key drawbacks of OFDM. With this feature, OTFS, can support higher mobility as well as higher frequency bands of operation which is also one of the key requirements of the next generation wireless communication technologies. The implementation complexity of OTFS remains comparable to that of OFDM. It is found that OTFS provides significant SNR advantage, higher resilience, lower PAPR, lower out of band signal leakage and higher multi-user spectral efficiency than that of OFDM. This book addresses * Fundamental signal model of OTFS. * Receiver design for OTFS * Channel estimation in OTFS * Multiple Access through non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA-OTFS) The contents of the books are primarily outcome of the research work done at the G. S. Sanyal School of Telecommunications, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India. Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation : A waveform for 6G is ideal for personnel the wireless communication industry as well as academic staff and master/research students in electrical engineering with a specialization in wireless communications.

Since the launch of Second-Generation Networks (2G), planning for each future mobile service was initiated many years before its commercial launch. In 2019, 5G Networks begun to be deployed commercially after almost ten years of planning. Similarly, the race for the 6G wireless networks that will be operational in 2030 has already started. To fulfill its potential in the upcoming decade, 6G will undoubtedly require an architectural orchestration based on the amalgamation of existing solutions and innovative technologies. The book will begin by evaluating the state of the art of all current mobile generations' while looking into their core building blocks. 6G implementation will require fundamental support from Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning on the network's edge and core, including a new Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. The 6G use cases will require advanced techniques for enabling the future wireless network to be human-centric, ensuring enhanced quality of experience (QoE) for most of its applications. The concept of Human Bond Communication Beyond 2050 (Knowledge Home) and Communication, Navigation, Sensing, and Services (CONASENSE) will also profit from future wireless communication. Terahertz domains will exploit the ultra-Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output Antennas (UM-MIMO) technologies to support Terabits' data throughputs. Moreover, optical wireless communications (OWC) will also come into play to support indoor and outdoor high-data rates. Further expansion of 6G core entities will support the novel concept of Society 5.0. Quantum computing processing and communications is also likely to be added into the 6G ecosystem with security managed by blockchain orchestration for a robust network.

Security within CONASENSE Paragon describes in particular the cyber security issues in the field of Communication, Navigation, Sensing and Services within the broad platform of CTIF Global Capsule (CGC). This covers future technologies and its enablers, smart cities, crowd computing, reliable and secure communication interface, satellite unnamed air vehicles, wireless sensor networks, data analytics and deep learning, remotely piloted aircraft system and public safety, network neutrality, business ecosystem innovation and so on.

Towards Future Technologies for Business Ecosystem Innovation describes CONASENSE within the broad platform of the CTIF Global Capsule (CGC) covering future technologies and its enablers, smart cities, telemedicine, crowd computing, satellite, unmanned air vehicles , cooperative wireless sensor network, remotely piloted aircraft system, network neutrality as well as virtual business model

Breakthroughs in Smart City Implementation provides answers on a wide variety of present social, political and technological problems. Green and long-lasting solutions for improving air quality, quality of life of residents in cities, traffic congestions and many more topics are needed in the coming 10 years and beyond. Society on Communication, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) is a new scientific society with the vision on Communication, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CNSS), 20 to 50 years from now. Two CONASENSE branches, established in China and in India, report in six book chapters on initiatives needed to overcome the obvious shortcomings at present. Three more chapters complete this fifth CONASENSE book: an introductory chapter concerning the Smart City from CONASENSE perspective, a chapter showing that it is not technology but the people in the cities that are most important and a chapter on recent results and prospects of "Human in the Loop" in smart vehicular systems. Topics covered include: Smart Cities, Intelligent Services, Big Data Analysis, Information Technology, Internet of Things, Industrial Upgrading, Social Networks, Human in the loop.

5G Outlook - Innovations and Applications is a collection of the recent research and development in the area of the Fifth Generation Mobile Technology (5G), the future of wireless communications. Plenty of novel ideas and knowledge of the 5G are presented in this book as well as divers applications from health science to business modeling. The authors of different chapters contributed from various countries and organizations. The chapters have also been presented at the 5th IEEE 5G Summit held in Aalborg on July 1, 2016. The book starts with a comprehensive introduction on 5G and its need and requirement. Then millimeter waves as a promising spectrum to 5G technology is discussed. The book continues with the novel and inspiring ideas for the future wireless communication usage and network. Further, some technical issues in signal processing and network design for 5G are presented. Finally, the book ends up with different applications of 5G in distinct areas. Topics widely covered in this book are: * 5G technology from past to present to the future* Millimeter- waves and their characteristics* Signal processing and network design issues for 5G* Applications, business modeling and several novel ideas for the future of 5G

The theme of this book is "Role of ICT for multi-disciplinary applications in 2030", which is absolutely appropriate to explore with regard to the CONASENSE vision of looking at services utilizing the Communications, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) paradigm in a period of 20-50 years from now. The vision of CONASENSE society is to bring about active integration of the three worlds of communications, navigation and local/remote sensing - that have been apart for years require a multidisciplinary approach. This 4th Communication, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) book brings together in contributions from another society, namely, Global ICT Standardization Forum for India (GISFI).Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Wireless Sensor Networks* Advanced IoT and M2M* Future Space Communications Infrastructure* ICT Networks for CONASENSE in 2030* International ICT Research* Secure Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks* Heterodox Networks* CONASENSE Innovation Era* CONASENSE at NanoscaleThus the book provides a rich and interesting coverage of diverse aspects concerning multi-disciplinary applications.

ICT is playing an increasingly important role in both business and individual's private life. It has increased international interconnectedness and speed up the process of globalization. But on the other side the total energy consumption by the communication and networking devices and the relevant global CO emission is increasing exponentially. ICT has, in many ways, a vital role to play. It accounts for about two percent of global CO emissions. Telecommunications applications can have a direct, tangible impact on lowering greenhouse gas emissions, power consumption, and achieve efficient recycling of equipment waste. This book is the outcome of the special session on Green Communications at 'The 12th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications' (WPMC) held in September '09 in Sendai, Japan. To the best of the editors' knowledge this is the first book on the Green Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and can be considered a milestone and a key-tool aimed at driving the industrial, scientific and academic efforts of the international community to guarantee a greener future to the whole planet. Section I of the book Towards Green ICT provides the necessary background and technical content to understand the vision and the role of green communication packed with details of the technologies like Zigbee and RFID in turning the planet earth greener. Section II covers a number of paradigm-shifting technical approaches including energy-efficient deployment through optimizations in the planning of ICT networks, energy-efficient wireless transmission techniques, reduced transmission power & reduced radiation, cross-layer optimization methods, and opportunistic spectrum sharing without causing harmful interference pollution. Section III covers the application of Intelligent WiMAX (I-WiMAX), a green radio technique able to support new maritime communication services and ICT based Business models. The coverage of new and upcoming issues on Green ICT makes it a good choice for educators, industry practitioners, regulators, researchers and students.

This book comes in response to the Future Trends and Challenges for ICT Standardization. The technological areas covered are: * the need, importance and management of radio spectrum, * the development of future radio access technologies, * the convergence of telecommunications and broadcasting, * the possibilities and challenges brought by the Internet of Things (IoT), * the environment sustainability through the use of Green ICT, The book aims at identifying the importance of ICT standardization for strengthening the Indian industrial and business sector through Global ICT Standardization Forum for India (GISFI-www.gisfi.org). Further, it outlines the major challenges and trends in the ICT development worldwide, while mapping the Indian efforts on the background of the overall progress. The motivation behind this book is that a more informed context is made available to ensure sustainable scientific and economic growth. Finally, the book puts forward the best research roadmaps, strategies and challenges contributed by engineers from the industry, academia, and Government. It addresses the benefits to the entire society resulting from standardization.

The main focus of "Single- and Multi-Carrier MIMO Transmission for Broadband Wireless Systems" is to provide the basic understanding of the underlying techniques related to PHY-MAC design of future wireless systems. It includes basic concepts related to single- and multi-carrier transmissions together with MIMO techniques. Discussions related to different recent standards that use single- and multi-carrier transmissions are also explained. "Single- and Multi-Carrier MIMO Transmission for Broadband Wireless Systems" provides a comprehensive and holistic approach to the variety of technical solutions. Future system design would require these different technologies to work together, and not independently. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the effects and gains when they are put together in a unified platform. This is the prime focus of this book. Moreover, the authors include recent research results which are not yet published in another form. The book is intended to be used for lectures in graduate level courses at universities. PhD level students should also find it useful as this book will outline the fundamental concepts and design methods for PHY and MAC layers of future wireless systems. This book can also be used as a reference by engineers and developers in the industry as well as by researchers in academia. For professionals, system architects and managers who play a key role in the selection of a baseline system concept for future wireless standards, such as IMT-Advanced type architecture, the authors will include discussions, analysis and guidelines to highlight overall system level perspective. Contents Preface, * Introduction: Background and motivation, * Wireless Channel Modeling, * Basic Multi-Carrier Multiple Access Schemes, * Multi-carrier Fundamentals, * Multi-carrier based access techniques, * Single-carrier transmissions with Cyclic Prefix, * Synchronization - Time and frequency, * Channel estimation and equalization, * Effect of High Power Amplifier, * Multi-antenna gains ? background, * Transmit Diversity Vs Beamforming, * Exploiting Cyclic Delay Diversity in OFDM System, * Joint Diversity and Multiplexing Schemes for MIMO-OFDM Systems, * MIMO design in SC-FDE/Sc-FDMA systems, * Conclusions and perspectives

The events occurred in the last years have shown how the threat related to both intentional and natural disasters could bring the civil and the military worlds closer in the conceivement and deployment of countermeasures as well as in the identification of effective strategies for enhancing the Planet safety and security. In this frame, the concept of dual use ? the set of technologies and applications that can be exploited for both civil and military purposes - becomes a key-topic. In addition, the aerospace is a strategic building block in the deployment of a network centric environment that aims at the global protection of the mankind. Aerospace is also a natural environment for dual use: many of the related enabling technologies have been first developed for the military world and then applied to civil ? including commercial - purposes. On September 12-14, 2007 an International Symposium has been held in Roma, Italy, joining the dual use approach with the aerospace technology: the international community has been gathered around the key-topic: aerospace technologies and applications for dual use. The event has called experts and operators from the military and civil community, belonging to industry, scientific and governmental institutions. The common aim was an effective convergence between the available and perspected technologies for the civil and military worlds as well as the conceivement of applications that can take the maximum benefit from the dual approach, optimizing the available economic resources. The Symposium has included invited-only contributions and an industrial panel. The main results of the Symposium, derived from key-note speeches, invited lectures, panel discussions and conclusions have created the starting material to develop this Edited Book. The book - the first on the topic - can be considered a milestone and a key-tool aimed at driving the industrial, scientific and institutional efforts of the international community to guarantee a pleasant and safe future to the whole Planet. Contents Preface, Acknowledgements PART 1 - Trends and Challenges in Aerospace Dual Use: 1 - Introduction : a Strategic Vision on Dual Use; 2 - The Security-related Perspective of the European Space Agency; 3 - Complex Systems for Dual Applications at the Italian Space Agency; 4 - Systems-of-Systems and Processes Key to Dual Use; 5 - Strategy to Enhance the Technological Aerospace District (DTA) Impact in the Global Dual Scenario; 6 - Technology Applications for Evolving Security Needs; 7 - Dual Use in GMES: Analysis of Strategy and Developments; 8 - Extending the Internet into Space. PART 2 - Dual Use Technologies: 9 - Assets and Technologies for Space-based Dual Use Systems; 10 - Electro-Optic Sensors for Dual Use Space and Airborne Applications; 11 - TETRA in Heterogeneous Networks; 12 - Trends of Enabling Technologies for Sensors, Systems and System of Systems; 13 - Optimisation of Flower Constellations for Dual Use; 14 - Dual Use Technology and Applications: the GALILEO Case Study; 15 - Italian Initiatives for Broadband Communications and Data Relay Satellite Systems; 16 - Future Trends of an Integrated Aero-Space System for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle Missions; 17 - Electronic Defence Dual Use Technologies and Applications. PART 3 - Dual Use Applications: 18 - Remote Sensing for Civil and Security Applications; 19 - Innovative Satellite Applications for Navigation and Earth Observation; 20 - GALILEO: a System with a Dual Use Dimension; 21 - Convergence of Navigation and Communication (NavCom)towards 4G; 22 - Innovative Satellite Applications for Homeland Security; 23 - Meteorology in the Dual Use Perspective; 24 - Dual Use Applications of High Resolution Radar Imaging. PART 4 - Industry Outlook on Dual Use: 25 - A contribution from Rheinmetall; 26 - A contribution from European Satellite Navigation Industries: an overview of the Galileo Program; 27 - Dual-Use Technologies & Applications for Space Systems; 28 - Elsag-Datamat Outlook on Dual Use; 29 - A contribution from EADS Astrium; 30 - Cell Broadband Technology: an overview; 31 - A contribution from OSCAR; 32 - A contribution from Lockheed Martin.

The future society would be ushered in a new communication era with the emergence of 5G. 5G would be significantly different, especially, in terms of architecture and operation in comparison with the previous communication generations (4G, 3G...). This book discusses the various aspects of the architecture, operation, possible challenges, and mechanisms to overcome them. Further, it supports users? interac- tion through communication devices relying on Human Bond Communication and COmmunication-NAvigation- SENsing- SErvices (CONASENSE). Topics broadly covered in this book are; * Wireless Innovative System for Dynamically Operating Mega Communications (WISDOM) * Millimeter Waves and Spectrum Management * Cyber Security * Device to Device Communication

This book discusses a broad range of cyber security issues, addressing global concerns regarding cyber security in the modern era. The growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the prevalence of mobile devices make cyber security a highly topical and relevant issue. The transition from 4G to 5G mobile communication, while bringing convenience, also means cyber threats are growing exponentially. This book discusses a variety of problems and solutions including: * Internet of things and Machine to Machine Communication; * Infected networks such as Botnets; * Social media and networking; * Cyber Security for Smart Devices and Smart Grid * Blockchain Technology and * Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for cyber security researchers, as well as industry professionals, academics, and students.

This book discusses a broad range of cyber security issues, addressing global concerns regarding cyber security in the modern era. The growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the prevalence of mobile devices make cyber security a highly topical and relevant issue. The transition from 4G to 5G mobile communication, while bringing convenience, also means cyber threats are growing exponentially. This book discusses a variety of problems and solutions including: * Internet of things and Machine to Machine Communication; * Infected networks such as Botnets; * Social media and networking; * Cyber Security for Smart Devices and Smart Grid * Blockchain Technology and * Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for cyber security researchers, as well as industry professionals, academics, and students.

This book introduces context-aware computing, providing definitions, categories, characteristics, and context awareness itself and discussing its applications with a particular focus on smart learning environments. It also examines the elements of a context-aware system, including acquisition, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context. It also reviews applications of context-aware computing - both past and present - to offer readers the knowledge needed to critically analyse how context awareness can be put to use. It is particularly to those new to the subject area who are interested in learning how to develop context-aware computing-oriented applications, as well as postgraduates and researchers in computer engineering, communications engineering related areas of information technology (IT). Further it provides practical know-how for professionals working in IT support and technology, consultants and business decision-makers and those working in the medical, human, and social sciences.

This book gathers visionary ideas from leading academics and scientists to predict the future of wireless communication and enabling technologies in 2050 and beyond. The content combines a wealth of illustrations, tables, business models, and novel approaches to the evolution of wireless communication. The book also provides glimpses into the future of emerging technologies, end-to-end systems, and entrepreneurial and business models, broadening readers' understanding of potential future advances in the field and their influence on society at large

This book introduces context-aware computing, providing definitions, categories, characteristics, and context awareness itself and discussing its applications with a particular focus on smart learning environments. It also examines the elements of a context-aware system, including acquisition, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context. It also reviews applications of context-aware computing - both past and present - to offer readers the knowledge needed to critically analyse how context awareness can be put to use. It is particularly to those new to the subject area who are interested in learning how to develop context-aware computing-oriented applications, as well as postgraduates and researchers in computer engineering, communications engineering related areas of information technology (IT). Further it provides practical know-how for professionals working in IT support and technology, consultants and business decision-makers and those working in the medical, human, and social sciences.

This book gathers visionary ideas from leading academics and scientists to predict the future of wireless communication and enabling technologies in 2050 and beyond. The content combines a wealth of illustrations, tables, business models, and novel approaches to the evolution of wireless communication. The book also provides glimpses into the future of emerging technologies, end-to-end systems, and entrepreneurial and business models, broadening readers' understanding of potential future advances in the field and their influence on society at large

Future Internet and Internet of Things set out a new vision for connectivity, real-time applications and services. Data procured from the use of a large number of heterogeneous physical and virtual devices must be real-time processed and analyzed for the goal of effective resource management and control while maintaining the required performance and quality of service. In addition, the development of the communication networks towards heterogeneous and new generation broadband connectivity brings up new requirements towards the way of managing and controlling of the available resources. Thus for the effective resource management in future internet novel approaches must be proposed and developed. It could be seen that recently a considerable amount of effort has been devoted on behalf of industry and academia, towards the research and design of methods for effective management of resources in internet and multimedia communications. The book reviews some specific topics in the field of future internet and internet technologies that are closely related to the issue of finding effective solutions for the management of resources and performance. Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Future Internet Technologies; * Internet of things; * Multimedia Networks; * Wireless Access Networks; * Software Communications; * Positioning and Localization in Communications; * Resource Management. Resource Management in future Internet is recommended for specialists working in the field of information and communication industries as well as academic staff and researchers working in the field of multimedia communications and telecommunication networks.

In recent years, major results were reported on Brain-Computer Interface / Brain-Machine Interface (BCI/BMI) applied to rehabilitation in scientific reports and papers. This subject received much attention within the Society on Communication, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) during the period 2013-2015. Describing the state of the art on various BCI/BMI activities related to neuro-rehabilitation is the central theme of this book. The latest insights coming from neurophysiologists, neuropsychologists, ICT experts specialized in clinical data management and from representatives of patient organizations are elucidated and new ways for "BCI/BMI applied to rehabilitation" using advanced ICT are introduced. The book describes the latest progress in and is an appeal for an approach leading to more cost-saving multi-disciplinary neuro-rehabilitation. This book covers the following topics: * Overview on BCI/BMI applied to rehabilitation * ICT for Neuro-rehabilitation * ICT for new generation prostheses * Gaze tracking, facial orientation determination, face and emotion recognition in 3D space for neuro-rehabilitation applications * Integrated perspective for future wide spread integration of motor neuro-rehabilitation * Ethical issues in the use of Information and Communication Technologies in the health care of patients with neurological disorders

Ignited by the mobile phone's huge success at the end of last century, the demand for wireless services is constantly growing. To face this demand, wireless systems have been and are deployed at a large scale. These include mobility-oriented technologies such as GPRS, CDMA or UMTS, and Local Area Network-oriented technologies such as WiFi. WiMAX Networks covers aspects of WiMAX quality of service (QoS), security, mobility, radio resource management, multiple input multiple output antenna, planning, cost/revenue optimization, physical layer, medium access control (MAC) layer, network layer, and so on.

Activities on integrated communications, navigation, sensing and services are urgently needed in a wide range of human-centered and/or device-centered system applications. They require a multi-disciplinary approach. It is foreseen that the economic scale of these activities are comparable with the present scale of wireless communications. The area in which systems operate can vary from personal area network to global network. This book covers the following topics; * CONASENSE Architecture * Performance Analyses of Integrated Communication Systems * Cognitive Radio Networks * Brain Computer Interfacing * Quality Improvement of Generic Services * Machine to Machine communications * Chip to Chip Communications Thus, the multi-disciplinary approach get attention in the book.

Globalization of Mobile and Wireless Communications is a collection of cutting-edge research in mobile and wireless communications with impact on developments as far forward as 2020 and beyond. The book draws upon the insights and performed research work of leading experts in the field. Topics of discussion are related but not limited to spectrum-efficient radio interface technologies, enabling technologies for reconfigurability, wireless sensor networks, cognitive networks, coherent wireless transmission, algorithmic design, middleware for novel services and applications. The material has been edited to provide a vision for the future of mobile and wireless, towards a dynamic communication system that breaks down the barriers between communications means; and evolves and integrates business models and culture to match the technological evolution. In addition, strategies on how to overcome the technological challenges for achieving that vision are also outlined.