A thorough survey of four tehsils of Sargodha District was carried out to investigate the present status of citrus decline in citrus orchards. The maximum fungi (39.52 %) were isolated from the roots followed by the soil (38.86%). The maximum Fusarium spp followed by Aspergillus and Alternaria were isolated from the collected samples of roots and soil from the four tehsils of Sargodha District. The maximum Fusarium spp was isolated from the roots of declining citrus trees from the tehsil Bhalwal (68.57%) followed by the Kot Momin (65.87%), Sillanwali (55.87%) and Sargodha (50.32%). F. solani gave the maximum mycelial growth on the Corn Meal Dextrose Agar medium followed by the Potato Dextrose Agar medium and then Malt Extract Agar medium. The maximum growth of F. solani was observed at pH 6 followed by 5, 4 and 7. While minimum growth was obtained at 3, 8 and 9 pH respectively Toxin studies were also carried out using thin layer chromatography which revealed that F. Solani produces toxins (anhydrofusarubin) which may cause decline in citrus.

A 5 x 5 diallel cross experiment was conducted involving the verities i.e. AC-134, MS-39, 124-F, CIM-473, and LA-85-52-2 to evaluate the type of gene action involved in the inheritance of various morphological and yield contributing traits in upland cotton. The analysis of variance revealed that differences between genotypes for all the traits were highly significant. The results of joint regression analysis revealed that the data for all the traits were fit for simpole additive dominance model.The genotype AC-134 carried maximum dominant genes for plant height, number of sympodial branches and ginning out turn. The genotype 124-F possessed maximum number of dominant genes for number of monopodial branches.The genotype CIM- 473 was found to be the best general combiner for number of bolls per plant, boll weight while the genotype MS-39 seemed to be the best general combiner for plant height. From the above results it was suggested that the plant traits could be improved by simple selection procedure because they are controlled by additive type of gene action as far their phenotypic expression is concerned.