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A one-stop guide to the future of sustainable energy production The
search for sustainable energy sources powered by renewable,
non-fossil fuel resources is one of the great scientific challenges
of the era. Microorganisms such as bacteria and algae have been
shown to function as the basis of a microbial fuel cell, which can
operate independently of an electrical power grid on the basis of
renewable feed sources. These fuel cells have shown applications
ranging from powering implantable biomedical devices to purifying
rural water sources, and many more. Microbial Electrochemical
Technologies offers a one-stop shop for researchers and developers
of technologies incorporating these microbial fuel cells. Beginning
with the fundamental processes involved in microbial energy
production and the key components of a bioelectrochemical system
(BES), it then surveys the major BES types and crucial aspects of
technological development and commercialization. The result is an
indispensable introduction to these vital power sources and their
myriad applications. Microbial Electrochemical Technologies readers
will also find: Detailed treatment of BES types including fuel
cells, electrolysis and electrosynthesis cells, and more Discussion
of commercialization aspects including modelling, performance
analysis, and life cycle assessment An authorial team with decades
of combined experience on three continents Microbial
Electrochemical Technologies is a useful reference for
electrochemists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, and
bioengineers.
A comprehensive resource to sustainability and its application to
the environmental, industrial, agricultural and food security
sectors Sustainability fills a gap in the literature in order to
provide an important guide to the fundamental knowledge and
practical applications of sustainability in a wide variety of
areas. The authors - noted experts who represent a number of
sustainability fields - bring together in one comprehensive volume
the broad range of topics including basic concepts, impact
assessment, environmental and the socio-economic aspects of
sustainability. In addition, the book covers applications of
sustainability in environmental, industrial, agricultural and food
security, as well as carbon cycle and infrastructural aspects.
Sustainability addresses the challenges the global community is
facing due to population growth, depletion of non-renewable
resources of energy, environmental degradation, poverty, excessive
generation of wastes and more. Throughout the book the authors
discuss the economics, ecological, social, technological and
systems perspectives of sustainability. This important resource:
Explores the fundamentals as well as the key concepts of
sustainability; Covers basic concepts, impact assessment,
environmental and socio-economic aspects, applications of
sustainability in environmental, industrial, agricultural and food
security, carbon cycle and infrastructural aspects; Argues the
essentiality of sustainability in ensuring the propitious future of
earth systems; and Authored by experts from a range of various
fields related to sustainability. Written for researchers and
scientists, students and academics, Sustainability: Fundamentals
and Applications is a comprehensive book that covers the basic
knowledge of the topic combined with practical applications.
Microconstituents in the Environment Comprehensive introduction to
managing novel pollutants commonly released into the environment
through industrial and everyday processes Microconstituents in the
Environment: Occurrence, Fate, Removal and Management provides the
readers with an understanding of the occurrence and fate of
microconstituents, pollutants that have not previously been
detected or regulated under current environmental laws or may cause
known or suspected adverse ecological and/or human health effects
even at insignificant levels, covering their presence in the
environment and possible management strategies. The text is
practice-oriented and evaluates a wide range of technologies for
pollutant removal and how to implement them in the field. In
Microconstituents in the Environment, readers will find information
on: Fundamental ideas regarding microconstituents, including their
classification, major sources, and detection methods, and their
removal via biological treatment techniques Fate and transport of
microconstituents in various environmental domains, including
mathematical modeling based on remote sensing techniques
Physicochemical treatment techniques for microconstituents,
including precipitation, absorption, filtration, membrane
separation, and oxidation Sustainability and environmental
management, including the regulatory framework and requirements for
developing a new field application, plus an outlook on green design
concepts With its emphasis on management and remediation,
Microconstituents in the Environment is a highly useful one-stop
resource on the subject for environmental scientists, modelers,
government agencies, and research scientists working in the field
of environmental pollution.
Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future
Prospects presents approaches, technologies and source materials
for biodiesel production as well as socio-economic and political
impacts of biodiesel applications. This book offers a detailed
overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel.
Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and
government officials will find this book a valuable reference of
comprehensive information on biodiesel production. Biodiesel
Production: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents
approaches, technologies and source materials for biodiesel
production as well as socio-economic and political impacts of
biodiesel applications. This book offers a detailed overview of the
benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel. Researchers,
scientists, engineers, students, policy makers, and government
officials will find this book a valuable reference of comprehensive
information on biodiesel production. Biodiesel Production:
Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects presents approaches,
technologies and source materials for biodiesel production as well
as socio-economic and political impacts of biodiesel applications.
This book offers a detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and
production of biodiesel. Researchers, scientists, engineers,
students, policy makers, and government officials will find this
book a valuable reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel
production. Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges, and
Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies and source
materials for biodiesel production as well as socio-economic and
political impacts of biodiesel applications. This book offers a
detailed overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of
biodiesel. Researchers, scientists, engineers, students, policy
makers, and government officials will find this book a valuable
reference of comprehensive information on biodiesel production.
Sponsored by the Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges,
and Future Prospects Task Committee of the Technical Committee on
Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Engineering of the
Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources
Institute of ASCE Biodiesel Production: Technologies, Challenges,
and Future Prospects presents approaches, technologies, and source
materials for biodiesel production, as well as socioeconomic and
political impacts of biodiesel applications. As industrialization
and population increases, the need for energy is also increasing.
Petroleum diesel is a major fuel source worldwide that possesses
many disadvantages including decreasing fossil fuel reserves and
increasing atmospheric pollution. These pollutants have significant
negative impacts on the global environment and human health. Thus,
it is imperative to develop alternate fuels and renewable sources
of energy that are environmentally sustainable, with
biodegradability, low toxicity, and renewability and are less
reliant on petroleum products. This book presents a detailed
overview of the benefits, impacts, and production of biodiesel.
Topics include History, composition, physicochemical properties,
and standards; General methods and applications of raw materials;
Extraction of lipids from the oil-bearing materials; Nanotechnology
and genetic engineering; Conventional methods and use of resins and
adsorbents for purification; Management of coproducts; Economic
evaluation and environmental impacts; and Socioeconomic and
political considerations. Researchers, scientists, engineers,
students, policy makers, and government officials will find this
book to be an essential reference of comprehensive information on
biodiesel production.
Sponsored by the Sustainable Water Resources Management Task
Committee of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and
Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil
Engineers. Sustainable Water Resources Management presents the most
current thinking on the environmental, social, and political
dimensions of sustainably managing the water supply at local,
regional, or basin levels. The twin challenges of ensuring an
adequate water supply and the optimal allocation for different uses
are compounded by changes in climate, land use, demographic
patterns, and water availability. Written by leading experts from
around the world, the 33 chapters in this book provide
comprehensive information about different aspects of sustainable
water resources management. This book reviews various methods of
data collection and describes available tools for hydrological
modeling, with an emphasis on remote sensing and GIS. Chapters
cover the assessment of atmospheric water, surface water and
groundwater. Other topics include urban water management,
mitigation strategies for droughts and floods, the optimal use of
irrigation water, and issues in water reuse. These innovative
approaches are highlighted with case studies from California, USA;
India; Taiwan; and East Africa. This collection of essays provides
readers with comprehensive information on the principles of
sustainable water resources management, as well as recent advances,
directions for future research, and policy development for
sustainable water resources management. As a reference, it will be
of interest to students, scientists, engineers, government
officials, and water resource managers.
Sponsored by the Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Engineering Committee of the Environmental Council of the
Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Sustainable
Solid Waste Management describes basic principles and recent
advances for handling solid waste in an environmentally sustainable
way. Solid waste poses problems of quantity-the sheer amount is
increasing around the world-but also of environmental impact,
especially with the introduction of materials harmful to
ecosystems. This volume uses a global lens to examine all aspects
of the solid waste, including waste minimization, waste as a
resource, appropriate disposal, and efficient systems fostered by
effective public policy. Written by leading experts, the 22
chapters analyze the critical issues to be considered during the
various stages of a waste management program. Topics include:
public policies focusing on reducing waste at its source,
recycling, and minimizing disposal amounts technologies for
treating and recycling solid waste safe, efficient treatment and
disposal of hazardous and other special wastes development and
maintenance of engineered landfills and landfill mining legal
frameworks and the use of life-cycle assessment as a tool for the
waste management industry. Municipal engineers, environmental
managers, researchers, students, policy makers, and planners will
find this book to be an essential guide to social and technological
issues related to sustainable solid waste management.
Sponsored by the Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Engineering Committee of the Environmental Council of the
Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Forward
Osmosis: Fundamentals and Applications presents the principles and
implementation challenges of low-energy desalination technology for
producing potable and nonpotable water. In forward osmosis (FO), a
saline feed solution passes through a semipermeable membrane toward
a draw solution; water then may be separated from the draw
solution. Although FO technology has advanced in recent years, much
work remains to be done to develop suitable membranes and draw
solutions that can easily and efficiently produce drinking water.
Written by leading experts from around the world, this book
describes the basic concepts of FO technology and discusses
modeling and element design. Several different types of draw
solution are explored, and recently developed FO membranes are
assessed. The physical, chemical, and biological aspects of
membrane fouling are examined. A variety of FO applications are
explored, including desalination, water reclamation, membrane
bioreactors, mining wastewater, fertigation, and landfill leachate.
The removal of pollutants, such as emerging contaminants, boron,
and heavy metals, is also addressed. Contributors also critically
assess the limitations of specific FO technologies and suggest ways
of overcoming these limitations. This book on the use of forward
osmosis for clean water will be an essential reference for water
and environmental engineering practitioners, as well as
environmental managers, government officials, and students.
Sponsored by the Carbon Capture and Storage Task Committee of the
Technical Committee on Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Engineering of the Environmental Council of the Environmental and
Water Resources Institute of ASCE. Carbon Capture and Storage:
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Methods presents comprehensive
information on the principles of carbon capture and sequestration
(CCS). Among the various climate change mitigation strategies
currently being explored, CCS technology allows for the continuous
use of fossil fuels and provides time to make a changeover to other
energy sources in a systematic way. Many factors decide CCS
applicability worldwide, such as technical development, overall
potential, flow and shift of the technology to developing countries
and their capability to apply the technology, regulatory aspects,
environmental concerns, public perception, and costs. This book
provides in-depth information on the principles of CCS technology,
different environmental applications, recent advances, critical
analysis of new CCS methods and processes, and directions toward
future research and development of CCS technology. Topics include:
carbon dioxide sequestration and leakage monitoring, verification,
and accounting of carbon dioxide in different settings carbon
reuses for a sustainable future applications of CCS for the
coal-powered electricity industry carbon dioxide scrubbing
processes and applications carbon sequestration via mineral
carbonation carbon burial and enhanced soil carbon trapping
algae-based carbon capture carbon immobilization enhanced by
photosynthesis enzymatic sequestration and biochar technology for
CCS carbon sequestration in the ocean modeling of carbon dioxide
storage in deep geological formations Engineers, scientists,
students, government officers, process managers, and practicing
professionals will find this book an essential reference on carbon
capture and sequestration technology.
Climate Change Modeling, Mitigation and Adaptation presents the
most current thinking on the environmental mechanisms that
contribute to global climate change and explores scientifically
grounded steps to reduce the build up of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. The significant contribution by greenhouse gas emission
to global climate change has been well-documented, but efforts to
address climate change often focus on technologies that reduce the
creation of additional emissions. This narrow focus leaves other
important climate change issues unexplored, namely: Can we predict
future climate change? Can we do anything to mitigate its effects?
Are there strategies to adapt to the new climate realities? Written
by leading experts from around the world, these 25 invited chapters
provide comprehensive information about the emission of greenhouse
gases and climate change. Chapters examine the issues from three
standpoints: basic science and vulnerability assessment; modelling
and prediction; and reducing or adapting to the negative impacts on
humankind and the ecosystem. Topics include: role of greenhouse gas
emissions on our ecosystems impact of greenhouse gas emissions on
climate change temperature and precipitation trends influenced by
climate change modelling tools to diagnose climate change and
identify uncertainty in climate change modelling strategies to
mitigate climate change effects Practicing engineers, environmental
managers, and government officials will consult this book as an
essential guide to help mitigate the effects of climate change.
Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications explains the use
of membrane materials as a direct, effective, and sustainable way
to address environmental problems. Membranes are a core technology
for separating material mixtures, such as wastewater and saltwater,
and offer significant advantages over other technologies. Membrane
technologies are relatively simple in concept and operation,
flexible, and compatible with integrated systems in many
environments. They can also minimise the use of treatment
chemicals, the production of residuals, and energy consumption.
This volume provides in-depth technical information on the
fundamentals, applications, and recent advances of membrane
technology, including state-of-the-art reviews of current research,
critical analysis of new processes and materials, and avenues for
further study. Chapters examine environmental applications such as
treatment of drinking water, wastewater, and industrial wastewater;
water reclamation and reuse; desalination; removal of arsenic and
emerging contaminants; treatment of greywater and rainwater, and
the production of bioproducts from wastewater sludge. New research
is described on such topics as membrane fouling, process
enhancement, membrane biofilm reactors, nanomaterials, and new
separation techniques. Chapters contain extensive illustrations,
case studies, summary tables, and up-to-date references. For
practicing engineers, environmental and treatment-plant managers,
and government officials, this volume is an essential guide for
designing and implementing membrane technologies. Educators,
graduate and undergraduate students, and researchers involved in
environmental engineering and science will find this book to be a
valuable learning tool and reference.
Chelating Agents for Land Decontamination Technologies examines the
application of chelating agents for the treatment of soil
contaminated with metals. Contaminated land remediation is a
widespread and costly problem, and the traditional
excavation-and-disposal treatment method is not a sustainable
solution. Chelating agents (organic compounds that can bind metal
ions) are an attractive new technology for land decontamination,
because chelating agents enhance metal extraction from contaminated
soil or sediment and facilitate metal mobility in subsurface soils.
Chapters in this book cover the process fundamentals as well as
engineering applications and recent advances for the use of
chelating agents in soil washing, soil flushing, phytoremediation,
and electrokinetic remediation. They address the application of
chelating agents for both ex situ and in situ soil remediation
technologies. The extensive use of illustrations and summary tables
is combined with up-to-date references. This compilation of
engineering applications and research findings for different
chelating agent enhanced remediation technologies will be useful to
environmental engineers, scientists, and decision makers regarding
contaminated land remediation.
Sponsored by the Bioenergy and Biofuel Task Committee of the
Environmental Council of the Environmental and Water Resources
Institute of ASCE. This book is one of the first to provide
in-depth technical information on the broad topics of biofuel and
bioenergy with extensive illustrations, case studies, summary
tables, and up-to-date references. Biofuel and bioenergy produced
from biowastes and biomass is a clean energy source that can be
produced renewably. The 21 chapters of this book offer
state-of-the-art reviews, current research, and technology
developments with respect to first-, second-, and third-generation
biofuels and bioenergy. The book focuses on the
biological/biochemical pathway, as this option has been reported to
be the most cost-effective method for biofuel/bioenergy production.
The opening chapter gives an overview of the current status of
biofuel and bioenergy production. Subsequent chapters cover
biomethane production, microbial fuel cells, feedstock production,
preprocessing, biomass pretreatment, enzyme hydrolysis, and syngas
fermentation. Algal processes for biofuel production, biobutanol
production, bioreactor systems, and value-added processing of
biofuel residues are included. This book addresses life-cycle
analyses of first- and second-generation biofuels (from corn,
soybean, jatropha, and cellulosic biomass) and the emerging
applications of nanotechnology in biofuel/bioenergy production.
Each chapter builds a foundation for the one that follows, and each
chapter concludes with current research trends and further research
needs. This book will be valuable to researchers, instructors,
senior undergraduate and graduate students, decision-makers,
professionals, and others interested in the field of
biofuel/bioenergy. Praise for This Book This book attempts to
provide an in-depth compilation of relevant techincal information
on several aspects of biofuel and bioenergy production ... it can
serve as a useful quick reference for consulting engineers. Itis
also a good introductoryd resources for advanced students,
researchers, instructors, decision makers, and professionals in the
biofuel and bioenergy field. Recommended. --A.C. Sheth, emeritus,
University of Tennessee Space Institute, Choice: Current Reviews
for Academic Libraries, December 2010.
Stricter regulations in many countries are increasing interest in
sludge management processes which promote sustainability. Engineers
and scientists are looking for viable options for resource
management through the creation of value added-products from
wastewater sludge. The ASCE's Technical Committee on Hazardous,
Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management identified the need to
collect and present the latest information on recent trends in the
bioconversion of sludge to value-added products like biopesticides,
biosurfactants, enzymes, bioplastics, and
biofertilizers/bioflocculants. The committee envisioned an
easy-to-read book to serve as a reference for practicing
professionals and as a textbook in undergraduate or graduate
courses. ""Sustainable Sludge Management: Production of Value-Added
Products"" offers an examination of wastewater sludge
characteristics; a road to sustainability by converting sludge into
value-added products; and, detailed information on the various
types of value-added products being created from sludge. This book
will be valuable to undergraduate and graduate students in
environmental engineering, educators, researchers, practicing
engineers and scientists.
Nanotechnologies, 'the engine of the next Industrial Revolution',
represent the new wave of research for chemical and industrial
innovation. However, with any new technology or compound, comes the
threat of harm to humans and natural ecosystems. Research into the
environmental effects, as well as the ethical, legal, and social
implications of nanotechnologies and nanoproducts has never been
more important. ""Nanotechnologies for Water Environment
Applications"" provides the current status of synthesis and
characterization of nanomaterials, as well as the environmental
effects of nanotechnology. This publication specifically targets
the major applications of nanotechnologies in various water
environments; issues related to the fate and transport of
nanomaterials in aquatic environments; engineered nanomaterials as
emerging contaminants in water; the environmental risks, and
related management, of nanomaterials. Extensive up-to-date
references are provided. This book will be useful to undergraduate
and graduate students of engineering, educators, scientists,
engineers, government officers, decision makers, process managers,
and practicing professionals.
New chemical compounds are constantly being created to meet
specific industrial applications and for human uses. Release of
these compounds into the environment is inevitable and their
contamination of natural resources, as well as their effect on
human health, remain an important global ecological concern. Many
compounds degrade in the presence of various natural processes, so
there is a need to understand whether new compounds will persist in
the environment or will eventually break down innocuously.
""Natural Processes and Systems for Hazardous Waste Treatment""
discusses the various natural processes for the attenuation and
degradation of hazardous compounds and these processes' application
in inexpensive natural systems. Major attenuation processes that
are covered include: sorption and sequestration, biodegradation and
assimilation processes, photo-processes, phyto-processes,
oxidation-reduction, and physical processes. Extensive up-to-date
references are presented, as are numerous illustrations, tables,
and case studies. This book will serve as a reference for
undergraduate or graduate students, as well as for practicing
professionals.
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