The deterioration of water quality and unavailability of drinkable water are pressing challenges worldwide. The removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants from water is vital for a clean environment, as a response to water scarcity. Adsorption-based water technologies are among the most widely used because of their high efficiency and low cost, without relying on a complex infrastructure. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as graphene and derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoporous carbon, fullerenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and nanodiamonds have been extensively exploited as adsorbents due to their extraordinary surface properties, ease of modification, large surface area, controlled structural varieties, high chemical stability, porosity, low density, ease of regeneration, and reusability. This book provides a thorough overview of the state of the art in carbon nanomaterials as they are used for adsorption applications in water purifications, as well as addressing their toxicological challenges. This volume primarily explores the fundamentals of adsorption, its mechanical aspects, synthesis and properties of CNMs, and adsorption performances of CNMs and their nanocomposites with organic and inorganic materials. Structural engineering and activation processes produce materials with enhanced adsorptive properties and separation efficiencies. Furthermore, the formation of CNMs with 2D and 3D macro-and microstructures and high porosities is a potential approach to improve adsorption performances and extend CNM use at the industrial level. The book also addresses important issues regarding these adsorbents that potentially affect future research and industrial applications of carbon-based nanoadsorbents in water security.

This book focuses on recent developments in the field of two-dimensional nanomaterials for environmental applications. Due to their high surface area and tunable surface chemistry, two-dimensional nanomaterials are currently garnering great interest for environmental remediation applications. This book compiles contributed chapters from active international researchers dealing with the development of state-of-the-art two-dimensional nanomaterials in environmental applications such as water and wastewater treatment, adsorption, photocatalysis, membrane separation, desalination, deionization, environmental pollutants sensing/detection, carbon-dioxide capture and catalytic conversion, microbial treatment, and electrochemical remediation.  Each chapter provides an essential and comprehensive overview of the recent advances in material development and application, giving special attention to preparation methods, tunning of physiochemical properties, surface and interface chemistry, structural porosity, assemblies integration for fabrication of devices, and their relationship with overall efficiency. It offers a valuable reference guide for environmental and materials scientists, engineers, and policymakers working towards environmental sustainability.