This book explains the method to control the three basic things of an induction motor. 1.Switching 2.Direction of rotation 3.speed. This book explains the simple ways to control the direction of the motor and switching of the motor. By switching i mean the on off state of the motor. To control the spped of the motor i have used cycloconverter. The advantage of cycloconverter of using cycloconverter is that on low speed the torque of the motor is maintained while using other methods we face a problem that on low speed the torque of the motor is reduced which is a major cause of wastage of electricity. Cycloconerter is direction conversion method means that it has no intermediate stage while changing the supply frequency given to the motor. Which shows that it power is maintained even at low speed.In most of the cases while changing the frequency we change the frequency first we converter AC into DC and then back to AC to change the frequency while in cyclonverter there is direction conversion, no intermediate state which is good for both power and torque of the motor.

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the important legumes and a well-known economic crop in tropical and subtropical countries. It belongs to the family Leguminosae with diploid chromosome number 2n = 2x = 22. (Smart 1990).and is native to Indo-Burma (Myanmar) region of Asia. The primary gene center of diversity for mungbean was suggested to be the central Asian region (Vavilov, 1951) with India as the gene center and probable center of domestication (Smartt, 1985).So India is considered as its land of origin (Loh and Stacey, 2003). It has several synonyms like greengram, moong, goldengram, oregon pea, chickasono pea, chickasaw pea and chiroko It is short-stature, less than 1.25 m, depending on the variety and growing conditions (Watt et al. 1977). It is a pulse or food legume crop used primarily as dried seed and occasionally as forage or green pods and seeds for vegetables (Lawn 1995). On a dry-weight basis it contains 25 to 28% protein, 1.0 to 1.5% fats, 3.5 to 4.5% fiber, 4.5 to 5.5% ash and 60 to 65% carbohydrate (Lawn and Ahn, 1985).

The present research project was executed during 2008-2009, to evaluate the effect of Zn, B (micro-nutrients) in combination with N for the tomato grown under high tunnel. Micro-nutrients were purchased from 4B Group of Fertilizers. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with fifteen treatments with three replications. The parameters on vegetative and reproductive response were recorded and statistically analyzed at 5 % level of significance. The treatment means were compared by DMR test. After the statistical analysis it was found that as compared to control when different dozes of micronutrients were applied by foliar method, the plants showed variations in their heights, no. of leaves, no of flowers, no of fruits, average fruit weight and yield per plant and same case in quality parameters like TSS %age, Vit. C contents and acidity %age. The treatment T14 (Navigator with Zn = 6%, B = 5%, N = 2%) indicated the maximum average values in all parameter among all other treatments revealed the nearly same results except T3 (Boll feed with B = 5%) and T5 (Sugar Mover with B = 6%) respectively.

Water availability for sustainable agriculture is becoming extremely critical factor with passage of time. There is dire need to enhance water use efficiency in crops so that higher crop yields could be obtained from limited sources of water. A series of experiments conducted during last several years under field conditions to assess the effectiveness of novel bacteria having ACC-deaminase enzyme for improving growth and yield of cereals. After intensive screening of bacteria, we have successfully isolated a few bacterial strains containing ACC-deaminase enzyme which showed tremendous potential to promote growth and yield of cereals under water deficit stress conditions.

Faisalabad is known as a city of textile not only in Pakistan but also all over the world. Several textile processing units are in operation in the surroundings of the city, which are releasing a substantial amount of azo dyes into the wastewater streams in the surroundings of these textile units.The discharge of these contaminants is considered to be a potential threat to the environment because of their hazardous nature. Thus, this study was undertaken to isolate the bacteria possessing high potential to degrade azo dyes from the wastewater discharged by the textile units. A total of 150 bacterial strains were isolated from these wastewater samples using minimal salt medium spiked with Reactive Blue ZBLN azo dye. Results revealed that some bacterial strains were able to decolorize 8 different dyes almost within 6 hours. Thus, the isolated bacterial strains have the potential to remove a variety of dyes from the liquid culture, which could be used to develop a biotreatment strategy for cleanup of the industrial wastewater prior to their discharge into wastewater streams of the surrounding area.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is one of the main cash crops of Pakistan. It has played a significant role in industrial development and employment generation. It is known as backbone of Pakistan s economy. Its impact on the economic development of the country is well established and it is rightly known as silver fiber of Pakistan. It occupies the 2nd position with respect to cultivated area in the country. During 2007-08 the cotton production was 12 million bales from an area of 3.05 million ha (Anonymous, 2008). Chemical fertilizers which have nutrients available, can provide sufficient nutrients to the crops, but their cost and constrains frequently deter farmers from using them in recommended quantities and balanced proportions. Moreover, limited availability of chemical fertilizers and their high cost are making their use difficult for the farmers. No doubt, use of chemical fertilizer provides essential nutrients for crop improvement to obtain higher yields; however, data of recent years reflect that the crop yields in Pakistan are almost stagnant. This situation warrants the use of organic sources of nutrients.

Phosphorus plays an important role in a number of processes in plants, especially in photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, membrane formation, energy generation, glycolysis, respiration and nitrogen fixation. Although total P in the soils are high but their availability to plants is too low to meet the requirements so viable strategies are needed to solublized the inorganic P and to use the RP (insoluble source of P) to decrease the dependence on costly chemical fertilizers in crop production . For the transformation of insoluble phosphorus (PR) to soluble form, composting technology would serve as breakthrough and provided optimal conditions. The objective of the study was to optimize the compost: RP ratio, time and temperature conditions for maximum solublization of P by composting. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of composting technology to solublize the rock phosphate in soil and also to develop optimum conditions for better release of available P for growth and development of crop plants.