of high rate algal ponds as a result of process intensification. Anaerobic digestion devoted to biogas production continues to be the preferred strategy for the energy valorisation of the algal biomass, co-digestion with multiple high C/N ratio substrates gathering significant attention over the past years. The potential of algal biomass as a biosorbent for heavy metal removal (Cu, Ni, F) maintains its share in the research field of water bioremediation, while research on nutrient removal has focused on providing new insights on the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater in algal-bacterial systems. Finally, it is worth noticing that breakthroughs in complementary fields of research such as nanotechnology or lighting technology are gradually being implemented in algal biotechnology, with new products such as nanoparticles for water disinfection or photobioreactors illuminated by low intensity LED panels. In Focus - a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 23rd International IFIP conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling, ONDM 2019, held in Athens, Greece, in May 2019. The 39 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 87 submissions. The papers focus on cutting-edge research in established areas of optical networking as well as their adoption in support of a wide variety of new services and applications. This involves the most recent trends in networking including 5G and beyond, big data and network data analytics, cloud/edge computing, autonomic networking, artificial intelligence assisted networks, secure and resilient networks, that drive the need for increased capacity, efficiency, exibility and adaptability in the functions that the network can perform. In this context new disaggregated optical network architectures were discussed, exploiting and integrating novel multidimensional photonic technology solutions as well as adopting open hardware and software platforms relying on software defined networking (SDN), and network function virtualization (NFV) to allow support of new business models and opportunities.

Microalgae-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts: From Feedstock Cultivation to End Products compiles contributions from authors from different areas and backgrounds who explore the cultivation and utilization of microalgae biomass for sustainable fuels and chemicals. With a strong focus in emerging industrial and large scale applications, the book summarizes the new achievements in recent years in this field by critically evaluating developments in the field of algal biotechnology, whilst taking into account sustainability issues and techno-economic parameters. It includes information on microalgae cultivation, harvesting, and conversion processes for the production of liquid and gaseous biofuels, such as biogas, bioethanol, biodiesel and biohydrogen. Microalgae biorefinery and biotechnology applications, including for pharmaceuticals, its use as food and feed, and value added bioproducts are also covered. This book's comprehensive scope makes it an ideal reference for both early stage and consolidated researchers, engineers and graduate students in the algal field, especially in energy, chemical and environmental engineering, biotechnology, biology and agriculture.