Debates about the unique, the singular, and the individual raise epistemological, hermeneutical, metaphysical, ethical, and theological problems. They are often discussed in separate discourses without attention to the multiple relationships that exist among these issues. This volume seeks to remedy this by linking three areas of discussion: the theological and metaphysical debates about divine uniqueness, the epistemological and hermeneutical debates about issues of singularity and (in)comparability, and the ethical debates about issues of human individuality and ethical formation. Taken together, this highlights the complex background of the current singularity debate and shows that it is worth paying attention to debates in other fields where similar questions are explored in a different way.

The idea of humanity is more controversial today than ever before. Traditionally, answers to the questions about our humanity and 'humanitas' (Cicero) have been sought along five routes: by contrasting the human with the non-human (other animals), with the more than human (the divine), with the inhuman (negative human behaviors), with the superhuman (what humans will become), or with the transhuman (thinking machines). In each case the question at stake and the point of comparison is a different one, and in all those respects the idea of humanity has been defined differently. What makes humans human? What does it mean for humans to live a human life? What is the humanitas for which we ought to strive? This volume discusses key philosophical and theological issues in the current debate, with a particular focus on transhumanism, artificial intelligence, and the ethical challenges facing humanity in our technological culture.