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Video technology promises to be the key for the transmission of
motion video. A number of video compression techniques and
standards have been introduced in the past few years, particularly
the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 for interactive multimedia and for digital
NTSC and HDTV applications, and H.2611H.263 for video
telecommunications. These techniques use motion estimation
techniques to reduce the amount of data that is stored and
transmitted for each frame. This book is about these motion
estimation algorithms, their complexity, implementations,
advantages, and drawbacks. First, we present an overview of video
compression techniques with an emphasis to techniques that use
motion estimation, such as MPEG and H.2611H.263. Then, we give a
survey of current motion estimation search algorithms, including
the exhaustive search and a number of fast search algorithms. An
evaluation of current search algorithms, based on a number of
experiments on several test video sequences, is presented as well.
The theoretical framework for a new fast search algorithm,
Densely-Centered Uniform-P Search (DCUPS), is developed and
presented in the book. The complexity of the DCUPS algorithm is
comparable to other popular motion estimation techniques, however
the algorithm shows superior results in terms of compression ratios
and video qUality. We should stress out that these new results,
presented in Chapters 4 and 5, have been developed by Joshua
Greenberg, as part of his M.Sc. thesis entitled "Densely-Centered
Uniform P-Search: A Fast Motion Estimation Algorithm" (FAU, 1996).
Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms introduces
the XYZ video compression technique, which operates in three
dimensions, eliminating the overhead of motion estimation. First,
video compression standards, MPEG and H.261/H.263, are described.
They both use asymmetric compression algorithms, based on motion
estimation. Their encoders are much more complex than decoders. The
XYZ technique uses a symmetric algorithm, based on the
Three-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (3D-DCT). 3D-DCT was
originally suggested for compression about twenty years ago;
however, at that time the computational complexity of the algorithm
was too high, it required large buffer memory, and was not as
effective as motion estimation. We have resurrected the
3D-DCT-based video compression algorithm by developing several
enhancements to the original algorithm. These enhancements make the
algorithm feasible for real-time video compression in applications
such as video-on-demand, interactive multimedia, and
videoconferencing. The demonstrated results, presented in this
book, suggest that the XYZ video compression technique is not only
a fast algorithm, but also provides superior compression ratios and
high quality of the video compared to existing standard techniques,
such as MPEG and H.261/H.263. The elegance of the XYZ technique is
in its simplicity, which leads to inexpensive VLSI implementation
of any XYZ codec. Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and
Algorithms can be used as a text for graduate students and
researchers working in the area of real-time video compression. In
addition, the book serves as an essential reference for
professionals in the field.
Video technology promises to be the key for the transmission of
motion video. A number of video compression techniques and
standards have been introduced in the past few years, particularly
the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 for interactive multimedia and for digital
NTSC and HDTV applications, and H.2611H.263 for video
telecommunications. These techniques use motion estimation
techniques to reduce the amount of data that is stored and
transmitted for each frame. This book is about these motion
estimation algorithms, their complexity, implementations,
advantages, and drawbacks. First, we present an overview of video
compression techniques with an emphasis to techniques that use
motion estimation, such as MPEG and H.2611H.263. Then, we give a
survey of current motion estimation search algorithms, including
the exhaustive search and a number of fast search algorithms. An
evaluation of current search algorithms, based on a number of
experiments on several test video sequences, is presented as well.
The theoretical framework for a new fast search algorithm,
Densely-Centered Uniform-P Search (DCUPS), is developed and
presented in the book. The complexity of the DCUPS algorithm is
comparable to other popular motion estimation techniques, however
the algorithm shows superior results in terms of compression ratios
and video qUality. We should stress out that these new results,
presented in Chapters 4 and 5, have been developed by Joshua
Greenberg, as part of his M.Sc. thesis entitled "Densely-Centered
Uniform P-Search: A Fast Motion Estimation Algorithm" (FAU, 1996).
Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and Algorithms introduces
the XYZ video compression technique, which operates in three
dimensions, eliminating the overhead of motion estimation. First,
video compression standards, MPEG and H.261/H.263, are described.
They both use asymmetric compression algorithms, based on motion
estimation. Their encoders are much more complex than decoders. The
XYZ technique uses a symmetric algorithm, based on the
Three-Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (3D-DCT). 3D-DCT was
originally suggested for compression about twenty years ago;
however, at that time the computational complexity of the algorithm
was too high, it required large buffer memory, and was not as
effective as motion estimation. We have resurrected the
3D-DCT-based video compression algorithm by developing several
enhancements to the original algorithm. These enhancements make the
algorithm feasible for real-time video compression in applications
such as video-on-demand, interactive multimedia, and
videoconferencing. The demonstrated results, presented in this
book, suggest that the XYZ video compression technique is not only
a fast algorithm, but also provides superior compression ratios and
high quality of the video compared to existing standard techniques,
such as MPEG and H.261/H.263. The elegance of the XYZ technique is
in its simplicity, which leads to inexpensive VLSI implementation
of any XYZ codec. Real-Time Video Compression: Techniques and
Algorithms can be used as a text for graduate students and
researchers working in the area of real-time video compression. In
addition, the book serves as an essential reference for
professionals in the field.
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