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The exploitation of natural resources in Africa represents a major
challenge. The African continent, which remains largely unexplored,
contains a large part of the world's natural resources. The current
context, characterised by a fluctuation of commodity prices, does
not reduce the growing interest in Africa and its extractive
sector. Oil, Gas and Mining Law in Africa analyses the mining and
petroleum laws in African countries and includes an assessment of
contractual aspects applicable to oil, gas and mining operations.
The innovative interest of this book is to provide a detailed and
up-to-date analysis of mining and petroleum laws applicable to the
upstream sector in Africa. It focuses on all the mining and
petroleum laws and especially those recently enacted in a
constantly changing environment.
Brain, Mind, and Developmental Psychopathology in Childhood, part
of the International Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
and Allied Professions' book series "Working with Children &
Adolescents" edited by Elena Garralda and Jean-Philippe Raynaud,
aims to help advance knowledge on the connections between brain,
mind, and development psychopathology in children and young people,
an area of high relevance across different contexts around the
world. It outlines brain mechanisms underlying children's ability
to regulate behavior, emotions, interactions with others, responses
to stress, and child psychiatric disorders. The book contains
expert views supported by empirical evidence, and there is an
emphasis on drawing out the clinical implications. It brings
together knowledge from a variety of disciplines on bodily and
brain processes that underlie developmental and psychiatric
disorders in children and young people. Chapters include conceptual
and empirical discussion of the biological and psychological
influences on developmental psychopathology in childhood, clinical
updates focusing on the biological underpinnings of individual
child neuropsychiatric disorders as well as integrating biological
and psychological therapies in child mental health. The book also
discusses broader psychological/social problems, with chapters on
the effects of child maltreatment in the developing brain, an
update on understanding and management of self-harm, and advocacy
papers on learning disorders and child and adolescent mental
health.
Brain, Mind, and Developmental Psychopathology in Childhood, part
of the International Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
and Allied Professions' book series "Working with Children &
Adolescents" edited by Elena Garralda and Jean-Philippe Raynaud,
aims to help advance knowledge on the connections between brain,
mind, and development psychopathology in children and young people,
an area of high relevance across different contexts around the
world. It outlines brain mechanisms underlying children's ability
to regulate behavior, emotions, interactions with others, responses
to stress, and child psychiatric disorders. The book contains
expert views supported by empirical evidence, and there is an
emphasis on drawing out the clinical implications. It brings
together knowledge from a variety of disciplines on bodily and
brain processes that underlie developmental and psychiatric
disorders in children and young people. Chapters include conceptual
and empirical discussion of the biological and psychological
influences on developmental psychopathology in childhood, clinical
updates focusing on the biological underpinnings of individual
child neuropsychiatric disorders as well as integrating biological
and psychological therapies in child mental health. The book also
discusses broader psychological/social problems, with chapters on
the effects of child maltreatment in the developing brain, an
update on understanding and management of self-harm, and advocacy
papers on learning disorders and child and adolescent mental
health.
From Research to Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health has
been shaped to reflect the mental health needs of children and
adolescents in low and middle income countries of the world. It
also includes chapters on topics based on research and practice in
high income countries which may have lessons and implications
universally. The first section of the book takes a child and
adolescent mental health services perspective encompassing
epidemiology, mental health needs, and selected policy issues. The
second section provides summaries of research findings into the
mechanisms for problems frequently encountered in child and
adolescent psychiatric practice: schizophrenia, mood disorders, and
sleep problems. The third and last section is about interventions
and practice. It describes the treatment gap between low and middle
income countries in relation to child and adolescent mental health
and shows how professionals or lay people may be trained to
effectively deliver interventions. This monograph has been produced
for the 21st congress of the International Association for Child
and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAPAP) to be
held in Durban, South Africa, in 2014. This is the first congress
of IACAPAP in Africa, and it takes place at an appropriate time in
view of the continent's burgeoning child population, significant
economic growth and wish to improve the populations' health.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not
used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad
quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are
images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to
keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the
original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain
imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made
available for future generations to enjoy.
In this volume, Elena Garralda and Jean-Philippe Raynaud aim to
contribute to advancing awareness of child and adolescent mental
health within an international framework that gives special
consideration to problems arising in different contexts around the
world and through expert views supported by empirical evidence and
considering clinical implications. There is increasing recognition
worldwide of the importance of child and adolescent mental health
problems, of the distress and impairment they can cause to children
and their families, and of the markedly adverse effects on
education and on adult psychiatric adjustment when left untreated.
Globally, however, services to attend to these problems in children
are uneven and patchy. There is a need to advance awareness of
child and adolescent mental health and of factors that influence
them. Chapters address the effects on child mental health of issues
ranging from secular changes in family composition in both western
and eastern countries, rapid industrialization, poverty,
deprivation, and adoption, to refugee status and aboriginal life.
It considers emerging issues, such as cyber addiction, PTSD, ADHD
across different cultures, and the autistic "epidemic." They
discuss new service developments (Eastern Europe, paediatric
liaison services) in the context of traditional methods
(traditional Chinese medicine).
In this volume, Elena Garralda and Jean-Philippe Raynaud aim to
contribute to advancing awareness of child and adolescent mental
health within an international framework that gives special
consideration to problems arising in different contexts around the
world and through expert views supported by empirical evidence and
considering clinical implications. There is increasing recognition
worldwide of the importance of child and adolescent mental health
problems, of the distress and impairment they can cause to children
and their families, and of the markedly adverse effects on
education and on adult psychiatric adjustment when left untreated.
Globally, however, services to attend to these problems in children
are uneven and patchy. There is a need to advance awareness of
child and adolescent mental health and of factors that influence
them. Chapters address the effects on child mental health of issues
ranging from secular changes in family composition in both western
and eastern countries, rapid industrialization, poverty,
deprivation, and adoption, to refugee status and aboriginal life.
It considers emerging issues, such as cyber addiction, PTSD, ADHD
across different cultures, and the autistic 'epidemic.' They
discuss new service developments (Eastern Europe, paediatric
liaison services) in the context of traditional methods
(traditional Chinese medicine).
This volume, part of the International Association of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions' book series 'Working
with Children & Adolescents,' aims to bring up-to-date
empirically derived knowledge on transcultural themes as they
affect child and adolescent mental adjustment, to assist those
seeking to understand and ameliorate the mental health problems of
children and young people. The contributors represent expert views
supported by empirical and clinical experiences. They address first
general transcultural issues of relevance for child mental health
(i.e. political turmoil, the effects of stigma, anthropological
considerations, international adoptions, and the adjustment of
specific immigrant groups); secondly, cultural aspects of specific
child and adolescent mental health disorders. Thirdly, it covers
the training of professionals in transcultural child psychiatry and
setting up temporary interventions in war and conflict areas.
This volume, part of the International Association of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions' book series 'Working
with Children & Adolescents,' aims to bring up-to-date
empirically derived knowledge on transcultural themes as they
affect child and adolescent mental adjustment, to assist those
seeking to understand and ameliorate the mental health problems of
children and young people. The contributors represent expert views
supported by empirical and clinical experiences. They address first
general transcultural issues of relevance for child mental health
(i.e. political turmoil, the effects of stigma, anthropological
considerations, international adoptions, and the adjustment of
specific immigrant groups); secondly, cultural aspects of specific
child and adolescent mental health disorders. Thirdly, it covers
the training of professionals in transcultural child psychiatry and
setting up temporary interventions in war and conflict areas.
This collection of essays by prominent American and French scholars
explores the political, cultural, and social implications of the
most fundamentally formative modern event, the French Revolution.
The contributors contend that the vocabulary and spirit of the
French Revolution has exercised greater influence on the modern
world than the more moderate and by all appearances more successful
American Revolution. The Legacy of the French Revolution delineates
the distinctive characters of the American and French revolutions
and analyzes the different variants of democratic political
traditions that have evolved from this seminal event. This book
will be of particular interest to political theorists, political
historians, and students of democratic theory.
In Scientific Controversies, Dominque Raynaud shows how organized
debates in the sciences help us establish or verify our knowledge
of the world. If debates focus on form, scientific controversies
are akin to public debates that can be understood within the
framework of theories of conflict. If they focus on content, then
such controversies have to do with a specific activity and address
the nature of science itself. Understanding the major focus of a
scientific controversy is a first step toward understanding these
debates and assessing their merits. Controversies of unique
socio-historic context, disciplines, and characteristics are
examined: Pasteur's germ theory and Pouchet's theory of spontaneous
generation; vitalism advocated at Montpellier versus experimental
medicine in Paris; the science of optics about the propagation of
visual rays; the origins of relativism (the Duhem-Quine problem).
Touching on the work of Boudon, Popper, and others, Raynaud puts
forward an incrementalist theory about the advancement of science
through scientific controversies. The debates Raynaud has selected
share in common their pivotal importance to the history of the
sciences. By understanding the role of controversy, we better
understand the functioning of science and the stakes of the
contemporary scientific debates.
This book provides the first critical edition of Ibn al-Haytham's
On the Shape of the Eclipse with English translation and
commentary, which records the first scientific analysis of the
camera obscura. On the Shape of the Eclipse includes pioneering
research on the conditions of formation of the image, in a time
deemed to be committed to aniconism. It also provides an early
attempt to merge the two branches of Ancient optics-the theory of
light and theory of vision. What perhaps most strongly
characterizes this treatise is the close interaction of a geometric
analysis of light and experimental reasoning. Ibn al-Haytham
conducted his experiments in a systematic way by varying all that
could be changed: the shape and size of the aperture, the focal
length of the camera obscura, the distance and shape of the
celestial bodies. This way, he achieved a thorough understanding.
This work represents a decisive step in both the history of optics
and the application of the experimental method that was just as
efficient in medieval Islam as today.
This book provides the first critical edition of Ibn al-Haytham's
On the Shape of the Eclipse with English translation and
commentary, which records the first scientific analysis of the
camera obscura. On the Shape of the Eclipse includes pioneering
research on the conditions of formation of the image, in a time
deemed to be committed to aniconism. It also provides an early
attempt to merge the two branches of Ancient optics-the theory of
light and theory of vision. What perhaps most strongly
characterizes this treatise is the close interaction of a geometric
analysis of light and experimental reasoning. Ibn al-Haytham
conducted his experiments in a systematic way by varying all that
could be changed: the shape and size of the aperture, the focal
length of the camera obscura, the distance and shape of the
celestial bodies. This way, he achieved a thorough understanding.
This work represents a decisive step in both the history of optics
and the application of the experimental method that was just as
efficient in medieval Islam as today.
Integrated network management plays a pivotal role in establishing
and maintaining an efficient worldwide information infrastructure.
This volume presents a state-of-the-art review of the latest
worldwide research results covering this topic. The book contains
the selected proceedings of the fourth International Symposium on
Integrated Network Management, arranged by the International
Federation for Information Processing and jointly sponsored by the
IEEE. The Symposium was held in Santa Barbara, California, May
1995.
Classicalexamples of moreand more oscillatingreal-valued functions
on a domain N ?of R are the functions u (x)=sin(nx)with x=(x ,...,x
) or the so-called n 1 1 n n+1 Rademacherfunctionson]0,1[,u (x)=r
(x) = sgn(sin(2 ?x))(seelater3.1.4). n n They may appear as the
gradients?v of minimizing sequences (v ) in some n n n?N
variationalproblems. Intheseexamples,thefunctionu
convergesinsomesenseto n ameasure on ? xR, called Young measure. In
Functional Analysis formulation, this is the narrow convergence to
of the image of the Lebesgue measure on ? by ? ? (?,u (?)). In the
disintegrated form ( ) ,the parametrized measure n ? ??? ? captures
the possible scattering of the u around ?. n Curiously if (X ) is a
sequence of random variables deriving from indep- n n?N dent ones,
the n-th one may appear more and more far from the k ?rst ones as 2
if it was oscillating (think of orthonormal vectors in L which
converge weakly to 0). More precisely when the laws L(X ) narrowly
converge to some probability n measure , it often happens that for
any k and any A in the algebra generated by X ,...,X , the
conditional law L(X|A) still converges to (see Chapter 9) 1 k n
which means 1 ??? C (R) ?(X (?))dP(?)?? ?d b n P(A) A R or
equivalently, ? denoting the image of P by ? ? (?,X (?)), n X n (1l
??)d? ?? (1l ??)d[P? ].
Neron models were invented by A. Neron in the early 1960s in order
to study the integral structure of abelian varieties over number
fields. Since then, arithmeticians and algebraic geometers have
applied the theory of Neron models with great success. Quite
recently, new developments in arithmetic algebraic geometry have
prompted a desire to understand more about Neron models, and even
to go back to the basics of their construction. The authors have
taken this as their incentive to present a comprehensive treatment
of Neron models. This volume of the renowned "Ergebnisse" series
provides a detailed demonstration of the construction of Neron
models from the point of view of Grothendieck's algebraic geometry.
In the second part of the book the relationship between Neron
models and the relative Picard functor in the case of Jacobian
varieties is explained. The authors helpfully remind the reader of
some important standard techniques of algebraic geometry. A special
chapter surveys the theory of the Picard functor.
Classicalexamples of moreand more oscillatingreal-valued functions
on a domain N ?of R are the functions u (x)=sin(nx)with x=(x ,...,x
) or the so-called n 1 1 n n+1 Rademacherfunctionson]0,1[,u (x)=r
(x) = sgn(sin(2 ?x))(seelater3.1.4). n n They may appear as the
gradients?v of minimizing sequences (v ) in some n n n?N
variationalproblems. Intheseexamples,thefunctionu
convergesinsomesenseto n ameasure on ? xR, called Young measure. In
Functional Analysis formulation, this is the narrow convergence to
of the image of the Lebesgue measure on ? by ? ? (?,u (?)). In the
disintegrated form ( ) ,the parametrized measure n ? ??? ? captures
the possible scattering of the u around ?. n Curiously if (X ) is a
sequence of random variables deriving from indep- n n?N dent ones,
the n-th one may appear more and more far from the k ?rst ones as 2
if it was oscillating (think of orthonormal vectors in L which
converge weakly to 0). More precisely when the laws L(X ) narrowly
converge to some probability n measure , it often happens that for
any k and any A in the algebra generated by X ,...,X , the
conditional law L(X|A) still converges to (see Chapter 9) 1 k n
which means 1 ??? C (R) ?(X (?))dP(?)?? ?d b n P(A) A R or
equivalently, ? denoting the image of P by ? ? (?,X (?)), n X n (1l
??)d? ?? (1l ??)d[P? ].
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