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As our society ages, questions concerning the relations between
generations gain importance. The quality of human relations depends
on the quality of emotion communication, which is a significant
part of our daily interactions. Emotion expressions serve not only
to communicate how the expresser feels, but also to communicate
intentions (whether to approach or retreat) and personality traits
(such as dominance, trustworthiness, or friendliness) that
influence our decisions regarding whether and how to interact with
a person. Emotion Communication by the Aging Face and Body
delineates how aging affects emotion communication and person
perception by bringing together research across multiple
disciplines. Scholars and graduate students in the psychology of
aging, affective science, and social gerontology will benefit from
this over-view and theoretical framework.
The human visual system is particularly attuned to and remarkably
efficient at processing social cues. We can effectively "read"
others' mental and emotional states and make snap judgments about
their characters and dispositions, simply by watching them. Given
what is clearly a close relationship between vision and social
interaction, it has become increasingly clear to social
psychologists seeking to better understand the functional and
neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying social perception that vision
plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of social
exchange. Likewise, vision scientists have come to appreciate the
profound impact people, as social agents, have had on the visual
system, acknowledging just how important it is to consider the
socially adaptive functions that system evolved to perform.
The Science of Social Vision explores the biologically determined
to the culturally shaped influences on social vision. Four themes
emerge throughout the 25 chapters from leaders in the field. These
include:
1) Visually mediated attention moderates complex social
interactions and plays a critical role in the development of social
cognition;
2) Visual features perceptually determine categorical thinking and
have profound downstream consequences including stereotype
activation;
3) Perceptual experiences can be directly triggered by visual cues,
in which case, visual and social perception are essentially
equivalent processes;
4) Social factors exert powerful top-down influences on even
low-level visual perception, at some times biasing, while at others
fine-tuning perceptual acuity.
This book heralds the new field of social vision, and showcases the
cutting edge and broadly interdisciplinary research that is
currently at its forefront. Together the perspectives drawn from
these various fields offer unique insight into the origin, adaptive
purpose, and cognitive, cultural, and biological underpinnings of
social vision that will help to shape and guide the way we think
about and examine social visual perception. The Science of Social
Vision will provide a valuable resource for students and scholars
across a wide range of fields, including cognitive, developmental,
and social psychology, vision science, cognitive neuroscience,
social neuroscience, and ethology.
An evolutionary and cognitive account of the addictive mind candy
that is humor. Some things are funny-jokes, puns, sitcoms, Charlie
Chaplin, The Far Side, Malvolio with his yellow garters crossed-but
why? Why does humor exist in the first place? Why do we spend so
much of our time passing on amusing anecdotes, making wisecracks,
watching The Simpsons? In Inside Jokes, Matthew Hurley, Daniel
Dennett, and Reginald Adams offer an evolutionary and cognitive
perspective. Humor, they propose, evolved out of a computational
problem that arose when our long-ago ancestors were furnished with
open-ended thinking. Mother Nature-aka natural selection-cannot
just order the brain to find and fix all our time-pressured
misleaps and near-misses. She has to bribe the brain with pleasure.
So we find them funny. This wired-in source of pleasure has been
tickled relentlessly by humorists over the centuries, and we have
become addicted to the endogenous mind candy that is humor.
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