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R. Leidl, P. Potthoff, and D. Schwefel Health is a most vital
resource represented in the degree of our well-being and our
ability to conduct active and satisfactory lives. Acute and chronic
illnesses diminish such well-being and abilities and may require
resources for medical or nursing care. The improvement in health
status, a major objective of health policy, requires the
measurement of the severity of diseases and their consequences as
essential elements of information. In application, the measurement
approaches are gaining in relevance as they become more feasible
and as more experience is gathered about their implementation and
utilization. The feasibility of these new information tools is
supported by developments in data processing technologies that
permit broadly based empirical applications. Wider applications
lead to improvements in the management use of this information. At
the European level, better indicator systems of diseases and their
various aspects are facing an increasing demand for patient-based
health and health system comparisons and analyses. The measurement
of health status and its implications can comprise a number of
dimensions: various concepts of health and disease, types of
diseases, methodological approaches of measurement, purposes of
application and states of implementation.
From the early days of its recognized occurrence, AIDS has been per
ceived as posing tremendous threats, burdens and challenges to
human beings. Individuals, societies and, in a global point of
view, mankind are affected by the effects of the HN infection, the
nature and extent of which is still unclear in many ways. In the
beginning only biomedical and epidemiological analyses of the
problem were the top research priori ties, the former laden with
great hopes that it may soon be possible to stop the spread of the
disease and to overcome its physical impact. Yet it soon became
clear that AIDS would be something to be reckoned and coped with on
a long-term basis, making a thorough investigation of its impact
absolutely mandatory. AIDS has serious economic consequences. Taken
seriously, they can not be confined to predictions of costs
intended to support the AIDS issue in the struggle for resources.
Besides cost calculations - a method ologically tricky and
wide-ranging topic in itself -and their application to
cost-effectiveness and other analyses, economic issues include
identify ing and assessing patterns of care, analyzing problems of
financing, exploring impacts on markets other than health care, and
modelling scenarios for future developments and strategies. At
present, the eco nomic aspects of AIDS still constitute a very
recent topic in European health economics and health systems
research. Many projects are just about to start, and there must be
a better exchange of information between research groups.
Das Buch befaAt sich mit der fallbezogenen Spezifikation der
Krankenhausversorgung. Behandelt werden Theorie, Methoden und
AnsAtze von Produktdefinitionen aus dem Krankenhaus-, Pflege- und
dem ambulanten Bereich sowie deren Bewertung und Interpretation.
FA1/4r amerikanische Krankenhauspatienten werden die
Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) empirisch analysiert, mit anderen
Klassifikationen verglichen und die Wirkung einer EinfA1/4hrung zur
Krankenhausfinanzierung untersucht. FA1/4r Krankenhauspatienten aus
der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird mit mehreren DatensAtzen ein
regressionsanalytisches Verfahren, der "Lineare Verweildauer-Index"
entwickelt. Der Einsatz zur Finanzierung und zum
Wirtschaftlichkeitsvergleich wird gezeigt. Ergebnisse einer
Befragung von KrankenhausArzten, die deutliche HandlungsspielrAume
bei der Verweildauer angeben, unterstreichen die Relevanz des
fallstandardisierten Verweildauer-Vergleichs.
Health care and its financing will not be harmonized within the
European Union (EU). Therefore, the differences between the health
systems of the member-states in a Single European Market are
gaining in relevance. The process of economic integration also
effects health. This book integrates economics, law, social,
political and health sciences in the analysis of health care issues
in the EU. It covers the development of health systems and policy
in the community, the markets for pharmaceuticals and for medical
devices, EU-trends in hospital financing, issues in the comparison
of financing systems, especially in the field of private
expenditures, reforms of health care financing in social security
systems and national health services in the EU and cross-border
health care between EU member-states. The results feature an up-to
date overview on the European dimension of health care and its
financing. The book is relevant to experts in health care
organizations, policy, industry and research.
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