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The link between trade and the environment has focused on two broad
issues: how changing trade regimes have affected the environment
and how stricter environmental regulations have affected trade. The
answers are of particular importance to developing and transition
countries where the relationship between trade and the environment
has a major impact. This unique book, based on eleven case studies
undertaken by research institutes in developing countries with the
support of UNCTAD and UNDP, provides detailed empirical evidence
from Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Malaysia, The
Philippines, Poland, Thailand, Turkey and Zimbabwe. The central
questions addressed are: * has the international programme of trade
liberalization affected the environment negatively? * are stricter
environmental regulations in both developed and developing
countries having an effect on exports and imports and how can these
effects be addressed? * what impacts, if any, result from
differences in environmental standards between richer and poorer
countries? * what impacts have multilateral environmental
agreements had on trade flows between developed and developing
countries * what impacts are firms' voluntary measures to protect
the environment having on the export flows from developing and
transition countries? The book provides a wealth of information and
shows a wide difference of outcomes from country to country,
allowing the authors to draw an interesting set of conclusions. It
will be useful for students and researchers in environmental and
international economics and will be essential reading for
policymakers in government and non-governmental organizations.
Eco-labelling is an increasingly popular way of meeting consumer's
demands for environmental information about the products they
purchase. The first book on this important subject collects
contributions from the academic, policy-making and commercial
spheres to look at the conceptual and practical issues, and to
discuss how eco-labelling can be made effective and equitable, and
must avoid distorting international trade to the detriment of
developing countries.
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