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Sales of locally produced foods comprise a small but growing part
of U.S. agricultural sales. USDA estimates that farm-level value of
local food sales totaled about $4.8 billion in 2008, or about 1.6%
of the U.S. market for agricultural products. An estimated total of
107,000 farms are engaged in local food systems, or about 5% of all
U.S. farms. There is no established definition of what constitutes
a "local food." Local and regional food systems generally refer to
agricultural production and marketing that occurs within a certain
geographic proximity (between farmer and consumer) or that involves
certain social or supply chain characteristics in producing food
(such as small family farms, urban gardens, or farms using
sustainable agriculture practices). Some perceive locally sourced
foods as fresher and higher in quality compared to some other
readily available foods, and also believe that purchasing local
foods helps support local farm economies and/or farmers that use
certain production practices that are perceived to be more
environmentally sustainable. A wide range of farm businesses may be
considered to be engaged in local foods. These include
direct-to-consumer marketing, farmers' markets, farm-to-school
programs, community-supported agriculture, community gardens,
school gardens, food hubs and market aggregators, and kitchen
incubators and mobile slaughter units. Other types of operations
include on-farm sales/stores, internet marketing, food cooperatives
and buying clubs, pick-your-own or "U-Pick" operations, roadside
farm stands, urban farms (and rooftop farms and gardens), community
kitchens, small scale food processing and decentralized root
cellars, and some agritourism or other types of on farm
recreational activities. The 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246, Food,
Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008) contained a few program
provisions that directly support local and regional food systems.
However, many existing federal programs benefiting U.S.
agricultural producers may also provide support and assistance for
local food systems. These include farm support and grant programs
administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and may
be grouped into several broad program categories: marketing and
promotion; business assistance; rural and community development;
nutrition and education; agricultural research and cooperative
extension; and farmland conservation. Examples include USDA's
farmers' market programs, rural cooperative grants, and selected
child nutrition programs, among myriad other grant and loan
programs, as well as USDA's research and cooperative extension
service. Farm bill proposals debated in the 112th Congress would
have expanded several of these programs. The 113th Congress will
likely consider reauthorization of the 2008 farm bill and may
reconsider proposals debated in the 112th Congress to address
expiring farm bill provisions, including provisions that either
directly or indirectly support local food systems. Although the
2008 farm bill contained few specific programs that directly
support local and regional food systems, many community and farm
advocacy groups have been arguing that such food systems should
play a larger policy role within the next farm bill, and that laws
should be modified to reflect broader, more equitable policies
across a range of production systems, including local food systems.
The 112th Congress introduced legislation, including several
comprehensive marker bills, which would have expanded the benefits
for local and regional food systems. These issues may continue to
be of interest in the 113th Congress.
In the United States, the agriculture and forestry sectors account
for less than 10% of current estimated total U.S. greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions annually. Combined, these sectors are estimated to
emit nearly 600 million metric tons CO2 equivalent (MMT CO2-Eq.)
each year, most of which is emitted from the agriculture sector.
Fast horses and fast cars are hardly proper interests for a high
society turn of the century girl - but then neither is the
fledgling motion picture industry. The films may be silent, but
actress, Coriander McDurvish, on the contrary, is not Even her
domineering mother can't crush her spirit so why would a cad like
Ben Sinclair think he has what it takes to tame her? An undeniably
charming attorney at law, Ben is attracted to Cori in every way.
His intense attraction to her and his curiosity about her lifestyle
leads him onto the set of her motion picture, The Adventures of
Suzie Sunshine, where he is pulled into the madcap world of
film-making. Before he knows what's happening he finds himself
playing the role of the villain opposite Cori. Cori is irritated by
the fact that Ben is well received by the eclectic and quirky cast
and crew. He was supposed to fall flat on his smug face He's also
having too much fun for her liking, especially because it seems to
be at her expense. Nevertheless, Ben has his mind set to win Cori -
but is he up to the task? Coriander, one of the few actresses to do
all of her own stunts is as fit as a fiddle - but is she ready for
love? Or will Ben have to throw her over his shoulder?
Jeremiah Ransom sat by helpless for years as his girls suffered at
the hands of Zeke Malone. The spell that had been put in place by
Camilla and Liza would soon be broken and Jeremiah would be able to
see his beautiful Magnolias, as his so lovingly called them. He
would bring them together in their time of need. Jeremiah would not
be able to help them alone. Hazel, Alizabeth, Maddilone, and
Annabelle would also need the help of the women who had come before
them. The fight was not only with Zeke, but also with a ghost from
the family's past that refused to stay buried.
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