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Education and Extremisms addresses one of the most pressing
questions facing societies today: how is education to respond to
the challenge of extremism? It argues that the implementation of
new teaching techniques, curricular reforms or top-down changes to
education policy alone cannot solve the problem of extremism in
educational establishments across the world. Instead, the authors
of this thought-provoking volume argue that there is a need for
those concerned with radicalisation to reconsider the relationship
between instrumentalist ideologies shaping education and the
multiple forms of extremisms that exist. Beginning with a detailed
discussion of the complicated and contested nature of different
forms of extremism, including extremism of both a religious and
secular nature, the authors show that common assumptions in
contemporary discourses on education and extremism are problematic.
Chapters in the book provide a careful selection of pertinent and
topical case studies, policy analysis and insightful critique of
extremist discourses. Taken together, the chapters in the book make
a powerful case for re-engaging with liberal education in order to
foster values of individual and social enrichment, intellectual
freedom, criticality, open-mindedness, flexibility and reflection
as antidotes to extremist ideologies. Recognising recent criticisms
of liberalism and liberal education, the authors argue for a new
understanding of liberal education that is suitable for
multicultural societies in a rapidly globalising world. This book
is essential reading for academics, researchers and postgraduate
students with an interest in religion, citizenship education,
liberalism, secularism, counter-terrorism, social policy, Muslim
education, youth studies and extremism. It is also relevant to
teacher educators, teachers and policymakers.
Within western political, media and academic discourses, Muslim
communities are predominantly seen through the prism of their
Islamic religiosities, yet there exist within diasporic communities
unique and complex secularisms. Drawing on detailed interview and
ethnographic material gathered in the UK, this book examines the
ways in which a form of secularism - 'non-Islamiosity' - amongst
members of the Iranian diaspora shapes ideas and practices of
diasporic community and identity, as well as wider social
relations. In addition to developing a novel theoretical paradigm
to make sense of the manner in which diasporic communities
construct and live diasporic identity and consciousness in a way
that marginalises, stigmatises or eradicates only 'Islam',
Secularism and Identity shows how this approach is used to overcome
religiously inculcated ideas and fashion a desirable self, thus
creating a new space in which to live and thereby attaining
'freedom'. Calling into question notions of anti-Islamism and
Islamophobia, whilst examining secularism as a means or mechanism
rather than an end, this volume offers a new understanding of
religion as a marker of migrant identity. As such it will appeal to
scholars of sociology, anthropology and political science with
interests in migration and ethnicity, diasporic communities, the
sociology of religion and emerging forms of secularism.
Education and Extremisms addresses one of the most pressing
questions facing societies today: how is education to respond to
the challenge of extremism? It argues that the implementation of
new teaching techniques, curricular reforms or top-down changes to
education policy alone cannot solve the problem of extremism in
educational establishments across the world. Instead, the authors
of this thought-provoking volume argue that there is a need for
those concerned with radicalisation to reconsider the relationship
between instrumentalist ideologies shaping education and the
multiple forms of extremisms that exist. Beginning with a detailed
discussion of the complicated and contested nature of different
forms of extremism, including extremism of both a religious and
secular nature, the authors show that common assumptions in
contemporary discourses on education and extremism are problematic.
Chapters in the book provide a careful selection of pertinent and
topical case studies, policy analysis and insightful critique of
extremist discourses. Taken together, the chapters in the book make
a powerful case for re-engaging with liberal education in order to
foster values of individual and social enrichment, intellectual
freedom, criticality, open-mindedness, flexibility and reflection
as antidotes to extremist ideologies. Recognising recent criticisms
of liberalism and liberal education, the authors argue for a new
understanding of liberal education that is suitable for
multicultural societies in a rapidly globalising world. This book
is essential reading for academics, researchers and postgraduate
students with an interest in religion, citizenship education,
liberalism, secularism, counter-terrorism, social policy, Muslim
education, youth studies and extremism. It is also relevant to
teacher educators, teachers and policymakers.
Based on Spolsky's (1989)Model of second Language Learning, the
social context plays an important role in developing the set of
attitudes towards the target language, its speakers, and the
language learning situation resulting in motivation development.
The resultant motivation connects with other personal
characteristics such as age, personality, capabilities and previous
or background knowledge. Bernard Spolsky (1989)claims that all of
these variables explain and are responsible for the use learners
make out of available learning opportunities. Learning
opportunities by themselves interplay between learner and the
learning situation which will lead in final outcomes for the
learner. In this book, the performance of high school students in
Sari, Iran was scrutinized to find out which motivation type is
dominant among learners in EFL countries as it is believed that
motivation can affect the learners' outcome. Moreover, the
students' achievement was investigated to find out whether the
students achieve differently if they have instrumental or
integrative motivation.
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