This book provides a comprehensive account of basic concepts of quantum mechanics in a coherent manner. The book is self-contained and not only covers basic concepts in quantum mechanics but also provides a basis for applications in atomic and laser physics, nuclear and particle physics, and condensed matter physics. It also covers relativistic quantum mechanics, in particular the Dirac equation and its applications.

This volume is to facilitate undergraduate and graduate students in theory of relativity and help them in their studies of High Energy Physics and Cosmology. The presentation has been kept simple and sufficient details have been provided in order to facilitate the understanding of the subject. The problems have also been selected to clarify the presentation and solutions of selected problems are given for better understanding of the contents.

This is the solution manual for Riazuddin's and Fayyazuddin's Quantum Mechanics (2nd edition). The questions in the original book were selected with a view to illustrate the physical concepts and use of mathematical techniques which show their universality in tackling various problems of different physical origins. This solution manual contains the text and complete solution of every problem in the original book. This book will be a useful reference for students looking to master the concepts introduced in Quantum Mechanics (2nd edition).

The book provides a comprehensive account of particle physics linking various aspects of particle physics in a coherent manner. This self-contained book not only cover basic concepts and recent developments but also overlaps between Astrophysics, Cosmology and Particle Physics, known as astroparticle physics. Several appendices are included to make the book self-contained.

Stem cell based therapy is a 21st century approach of therapeutic intervention which epitomizes a shift from conventional symptomatic treatment strategy to addressing the root cause of the disease process. This is especially a hope for the patients suffering from diseases such as Alzheimer, diabetes, myocardial infarction and other diseases which have always been considered as incurable. Moreover, stem cells provide excellent in vitro disease models for drug development. This book is a compilation of the bench experience of experts from various research labs involved in the cutting edge area of research, describing the use of stem cells both as part of the combinatorial therapeutic intervention approach and as tools (disease model) during drug development.

These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Third International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held from June 17 - July 5, 1978 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organized by The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (ICTP). It also received a financial grant by the University Grants Commission for the participation of physicists from various universities of Pakistan. The college was attended by 14 lecturers, 2 invited seminar speakers and 156 participants from 23 countries and consisted of 15 concen trated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only regular lectures delivered there, but the seminars which were held there are listed in the Appendix. This year the college put special emphasis on energy, parti cularly on nuclear energy and its role in the context of energy sys tems. However the lectures delivered at the college also covered a wide spectrum of physics. The lectures gave an overview of various topics covered at the college and emphasized the inter-disciplinary aspects of physics. Some of the lecturers also indicated the areas where research in developing countries with limited facilities could be carried out. The college had a definite objective of encouraging the physicists, part cularly those working at the universities, to apply their knowledge of physics and methodology of research to the needs of modern society."

These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Fourth International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held from June 16 - July 4, 1979 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organised by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (ICTP), Italy. It also received a financial grant from the University Grants Commi ssion for the participation of physicists from various universities of Pakistan. The college was attended by 16 lecturers and invited seminar speakers. It was attended by 186 participants from 28 coun tries and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars and informal discussions. These proceedings contain only regular lectures delivered at Nathiagali but the seminars held there are listed in the Appendix. This year the college put special emphasis on various energy systems, including their long term implications, and computer software. However, the lectures delivered at the college also covered a wide spectrum of physics. The series of the colleges of which the present college is the fourth one are an attempt to remove the barrier of isolation for the physicists working in developing coun tries, far removed from active centres of research. Thus these colleges could help to fill the important gap in communication between the physicists of developing and advanced countries."

Even in this age of information explosion, Seminars and Symposia have an importance of their own, particularly in countries which are scientifically and geographically remote from active centres of learning. Our scientists suffer this isolation very acutely; the Cow ission recognises this problem and has endeavoured to solve it through organisation of meetings and conferences in Pakistan to which international specialists in different fields are invited to share their experience with colleagues in Pakistan. We find that the personal encounter and human touch still remain one of the most effective methods of transferring and sharing scientific knowledge. The International Summer College at Nathiagali held in August, 1976, also grew out of our need to communicate with each other and to identify promising areas of development relevant to the needs of a developing country. In the implementation of this idea, the Pakis tan Atomic Energy Commission received support from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste and from the Swedish Inter national Development Authority which is gratefully acknowledged."

These proceedings cover the lectures delivered at the Second International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs held from June 20 - July 7, 1977 at Nathiagali, one of the scenic hill resorts in the northern part of Pakistan. The college was organised by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and co-sponsored by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (ICTP). It also received a financial grant by the University Grants Commission for the participation of physicists from various universities of Pakistan. The college was attended by 13 lecturers, 7 invited semi nar speakers and 134 participants from 26 countries and consisted of 15 concentrated days of lectures, seminars-and informal discu ssions. These proceedings contain only regular lectures delivered there but. the seminars which were held are listed in the Appendix. The theme of the college covered two important aspects of science in general and physics in particular: first to provide to the participants from developing countries some of the excitement of what is happening at the frontiers of physics; secondly as the name of the college emphasises it was to encourage the physicists from developing countries to interest themselves in and to use their knowledge and methodology of research for attacking some of the problems faced by their respective countries. The lectures delivered at the college covered a wide spectrum of physics and indicated similarity of methodology used in various branches of physics as well as practical applications of some of the topics discussed."

Arsenic was used more than 2400 years ago in Greek and Rome as a therapeutic agent and as a poison. In current therapeutics use of arsenic as a drug is limited. Recent studies indicate that people of different countries are at higher risk of arsenic toxicity as underground water in parts of the world is drained by deadly arsenic. This book deals with the effect of arsenic on binding of three common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; paracetamol, aspirin and diclofenac sodium to bovine serum albumin. A detailed literature review on arsenic contamination and health hazards related to arsenic toxicity has been documented for reader's convenience. Arsenic contamination in relation to Bangladesh was also reviewed in details as Bangladesh is thought to be at greatest risk of arsenic related negative health outcomes.

Mental retardation or intellectual disability affects about 3% of the general population. One half of it is attributed to genetic factors and is therefore inheritable. Genetic basis of mental retardation is poorly understood. However information revealed from the human genome project has enabled to analyze the genetic determinants that have causative role in the onset of the disease. This book provides a compendium of basic information on the genetic factors that lead to this disability, methodology to screen the causative genetic defects and identification of new causative determinates. This information is critically important in the diagnosis and prognosis of mental retardation at an early stage, resulting in better management of the disease, ultimately leading to improvement in life of the affected individuals. The book offers a valuable source of information for the graduate and post graduate students in genetics, biology and medicine.

The purpose of the present work was to design & evaluate sustained release tablets of Nifedipine, employing hydrophilic polymer to improve dissolution rates of the drug. METHOCEL K15MCR & METHOCEL K100LVCR were used in tablets prepared by direct compression. The formulated tablets were physicochemically characterized & results were found in acceptable limits. Poor aqueous solubility of Nifedipine leads to variable dissolution rates. The main effect & interaction terms were quantitatively evaluated using mathematical models. Dissolution data were fitted to zero order, first order, Higuchi's, Korsmeyer-Peppas & Hixson-Crowell release kinetics to evaluate kinetic data. The drug release data fit well to the Higuchi expression, but a close relationship was also noted with zero order kinetics. Korsmeyer's plot indicated that the drug release mechanism from the matrix tablet was to be found Fickian mechanism. Regulated drug release study indicate that the matrix tablets of Nifedipine prepared using above polymers can successfully be employed as twice-a-day oral controlled release dosage form.

Redevelopment of Bhairab River Bank: Focusing CBD Jessore, Bangladesh by Riazuddin Kawsar and Architect Md. Arafat Hasan, is a volume provides an urban planner's viewpoint on redevelopment of river bank situated in a very old CBD of Jessore. Jessore is a small but very old city, situated south zone of Bangladesh, which have the Unplanned development by it's river side, for this unconscious development of the city's urban living environment is deteriorating and becoming unlivable. In this book some redevelopments ideas are proposed to stimulate the development with meeting the existing demand with major concern with social, cultural, economical and environmental issues according to the demand of those people who are living in that area or somehow connected with demarked area of Jessore in Bangladesh.

Bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins are effective in controlling harmful insects. However, the mechanism of Bt protein pesticidal action is not well understood. It is assumed that the pesticidal protein has affinity for specific receptors in the midgut of the susceptible larvae and binds irreversibly to create holes in the gut leading to eventual death of the target larvae. Main aim of the research is to identify, purify and characterize Bt delta endotoxin receptor in important pest American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The study presented in this thesis is endeavored to; (1) discovery of a receptor protein, (2) purification of the receptor, (3)cloning of the newly discovered protein gene in E.coli, (4) expression studies on recombinant protein, (5) Complete sequencing of the cloned gene. The structural gene was cloned in expression vector. The cloned gene was sequenced and studied expression. The cloned, expressed, purified receptor protein was found to have characteristics of native protein of H.armigera. A new method for quick detection of Bt-receptor in crude BBMVs extract, was established.The sequence has novelty and Accession # A59445)or Q7M4K6.

This book is a user-friendly book directed at practising general otolaryngologists, developmental biologist, geneticists and researcher focused on understanding the inner ear structure and biology. This book is both comprehensive, easy to follow and each chapter is short, informative and self-contained. It will provide an overview of four main topics related to inner ear development, hearing loss and clinical remedies, genetics of deafness in the post genomic era. The overall objective of this book is to bring together noted otolaryngologists and scientists from the perspective of complementary disciplines for a review of the current state of knowledge and available clinical therapies, genetics testing practices in various populations and molecular components of inner ear and their function in sound perception.