What did Europe owe Spain in the eighteenth century? This infamous question, posed by Nicolas Masson de Morvilliers in the Encyclopedie methodique, caused an international uproar at the height of the Enlightenment. His polemical article 'Espagne', with its tabloid-like prose, resonated with a French-reading public that blamed the Spanish Empire for France's eroding economy. Spain was outraged, and responded by publishing its own translation-rebuttal, the article 'Espana' penned by Julian de Velasco for the Spanish Encyclopedia metodica. In this volume, the original French and Spanish articles are presented in facing-page English translations, allowing readers to examine the content and rhetorical maneuvers of Masson's challenge and Velasco's riposte. This comparative format, along with the editors' critical introduction, extensive annotations, and an accompanying bibliographical essay, reveals how knowledge was translated and transferred across Europe and the transatlantic world. The two encyclopedia articles bring to life a crucial period of Spanish history, culture and commerce, while offering an alternative framework for understanding the intellectual underpinnings of a Spanish Enlightenment that differed radically from French philosophie. Ultimately, this book uncovers a Spain determined to claim its place in the European Enlightenment and on the geopolitical stage.

Flavor science is continually evolving. Remaining current with the latest research and establishing a broad and sound understanding of the major developments and breakthroughs can be a challenge.

The Weurman Flavour Research Symposium has long been regarded as the premier professional meeting focused on the science of flavor. "Flavour Science," an extensive review of the most recent symposium, presents the latest in flavor research, enriching the chemistry-based vision of most flavorists and flavor chemists with understanding from a broad range of fields, including human physiology, ethology, psychophysics, genetics, bioinformatics or metabolomics.

This book is ideal for all flavor scientists, food chemists and sensory scientists and has a strong audience among enologists as well.
Focuses on the rapidly changing field of flavor scienceIncludes the latest information on the physiology, chemistry and measurement of flavorPresents practical information on the flavor industry and emerging trends

As a collective effort, this volume locates the formation of the middle classes at the core of the histories of Latin America in the last two centuries. Featuring scholars from different places across the Americas, it is an interdisciplinary contribution to the world histories of the middle classes, histories of Latin America, and intersectional studies. It also engages a larger audience about the importance of the middle classes to understand modernity, democracy, neoliberalism, and decoloniality. By including research produced from a variety of Latin American, North American, and other audiences, the volume incorporates trends in social history, cultural studies and discursive theory. It situates analytical categories of race and gender at the core of class formation. This volume seeks to initiate a critical and global conversation concerning the ways in which the analysis of the middle classes provides crucial re-readings of how Latin America, as a region, has historically been understood.

As middle classes in developing countries grow in size and political power, do they foster stable democracies and prosperous, innovative economies? Or do they encourage crass materialism, bureaucratic corruption, unrealistic social demands, and ideological polarization? These questions have taken on a new urgency in recent years but they are not new, having first appeared in the mid twentieth century in debates about Latin America. At a moment when exploding middle classes in the global South increasingly capture the world's attention, these Latin American classics are ripe for revisiting. Part One of the book introduces key debates from the 1950s and 1960s, when Cold War era scholars questioned whether or not the middle class would be a force for democracy and development, to safeguard Latin America against the perceived challenge of Revolutionary Cuba. While historian John J. Johnson placed tentative faith in the positive transformative power of the "middle sectors," others were skeptical. The striking disagreements that emerge from these texts lend themselves to discussion about the definition, character, and complexity of the middle classes, and about the assumptions that underpinned twentieth-century modernization theory. Part Two brings together more recent case studies from Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, written by scholars influenced by contemporary trends in social and cultural history. These authors highlight issues of language, identity, gender, and the multiple faces and forms of power. Their studies bring flesh-and-blood Latin Americans to the forefront, reconstructing the daily lives of underpaid office workers, harried housewives and striving professionals, in order to revisit questions that the authors in Part One tended to approach abstractly. They also pay attention to changing cultural understandings and political constructions of who "the middle class" is and what it means to be middle class. Designed with the classroom and non-specialist reader in mind, the book has a comprehensive critical introduction, and each selection is preceded by a short description setting the context and introducing key themes.

In the field of Dynamical Systems, nonlinear iterative processes play an important role. Nonlinear mappings can be found as immediate models for many systems from different scientific areas, such as engineering, economics, biology, or can also be obtained via numerical methods permitting to solve non-linear differential equations. In both cases, the understanding of specific dynamical behaviors and phenomena is of the greatest interest for scientists. This volume contains papers that were presented at the International Workshop on Nonlinear Maps and their Applications (NOMA 2013) held in Zaragoza, Spain, on September 3-4, 2013. This kind of collaborative effort is of paramount importance in promoting communication among the various groups that work in dynamical systems and networks in their research theoretical studies as well as for applications. This volume is suitable for graduate students as well as researchers in the field.

As middle classes in developing countries grow in size and political power, do they foster stable democracies and prosperous, innovative economies? Or do they encourage crass materialism, bureaucratic corruption, unrealistic social demands, and ideological polarization? These questions have taken on a new urgency in recent years but they are not new, having first appeared in the mid twentieth century in debates about Latin America. At a moment when exploding middle classes in the global South increasingly capture the world's attention, these Latin American classics are ripe for revisiting. Part One of the book introduces key debates from the 1950s and 1960s, when Cold War era scholars questioned whether or not the middle class would be a force for democracy and development, to safeguard Latin America against the perceived challenge of Revolutionary Cuba. While historian John J. Johnson placed tentative faith in the positive transformative power of the "middle sectors," others were skeptical. The striking disagreements that emerge from these texts lend themselves to discussion about the definition, character, and complexity of the middle classes, and about the assumptions that underpinned twentieth-century modernization theory. Part Two brings together more recent case studies from Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, written by scholars influenced by contemporary trends in social and cultural history. These authors highlight issues of language, identity, gender, and the multiple faces and forms of power. Their studies bring flesh-and-blood Latin Americans to the forefront, reconstructing the daily lives of underpaid office workers, harried housewives and striving professionals, in order to revisit questions that the authors in Part One tended to approach abstractly. They also pay attention to changing cultural understandings and political constructions of who "the middle class" is and what it means to be middle class. Designed with the classroom and non-specialist reader in mind, the book has a comprehensive critical introduction, and each selection is preceded by a short description setting the context and introducing key themes.

This book provides the practical basis for the use of remote sensing to accomplish landscape ecological projects, through the merging of theory and practice, with examples. This is a specialized application and both these topics have evolved rapidly in the past decade. This evolution is not in the previous edition, and indeed this update provides much new information and valuable ideas for the professional and assist in directing the training of new personnel. The new edition will feature a combination of landscape ecology metrics, quantitative field measurements, and geospatial analyses.

Signals and Images: Advances and Results in Speech, Estimation, Compression, Recognition, Filtering, and Processing cohesively combines contributions from field experts to deliver a comprehensive account of the latest developments in signal processing. These experts detail the results of their research related to audio and speech enhancement, acoustic image estimation, video compression, biometric recognition, hyperspectral image analysis, tensor decomposition with applications in communications, adaptive sparse-interpolated filtering, signal processing for power line communications, bio-inspired signal processing, seismic data processing, arithmetic transforms for spectrum computation, particle filtering in cooperative networks, three-dimensional television, and more. This book not only shows how signal processing theory is applied in current and emerging technologies, but also demonstrates how to tackle key problems such as how to enhance speech in the time domain, improve audio quality, and meet the desired electrical consumption target for controlling carbon emissions. Signals and Images: Advances and Results in Speech, Estimation, Compression, Recognition, Filtering, and Processing serves as a guide to the next generation of signal processing solutions for speech and video coding, hearing aid devices, big data processing, smartphones, smart digital communications, acoustic sensors, and beyond.

This innovative volume, with contributions from well-established and newer authors in the field, offers important contemporary insights on various issues in trade and development. It comprises both updated reviews on classic issues in the field; important contributions on newer areas including informal cross border trade, agglomeration and trade facilitation; and insights from firm studies. One important theme explored here is the greater difficulty Sub-Saharan Africa has had in benefiting from trade compared to East Asia and Latin America.' - Andy McKay, University of Sussex, UKThis timely Handbook comprehensively explores the complex relationships between trade and economic performance in developing countries, illustrating that it is not trade per se that is important but the context, at the firm, country and regional level, in which trade occurs. The Handbook on Trade and Development provides a review of the current understanding of major trade issues facing developing countries through considering specific region or country case studies. Broad topics are covered including trade costs and facilitation; trade preferences; trade and firm performance; and child labor. Chapters on sub-Saharan Africa cover primary commodities, informal cross-border trade, agglomeration and regional integration. Chapters on Latin America include the role of imported technology; exchange rates; export diversification; FDI; and firm exporting. Chapters on East Asia cover the increasing importance of China in world trade and links between trade and environment, labor markets and FDI. This discerning work will be an indispensable reference point for academics, researchers and students of development economics. The broad range of topics covered will provide a useful insight for practitioners and policy makers into the nuances of the complex relationship between trade and the economy in developing regions. Contributors include: C. Ackah, M.R. Agosin, P-.C. Athukorala, L.D.C. Chanci Arango, X. Cirera, E. Cooke, A.M. Fernandes, E. Ferro, R. Garcia, S. Golub, G. Herath, I.T. Kandilov, A. Leblebicio lu, G. Leeves, V. Leyaro, R.A. Lopez, P. McConaghy, J. Menon, A. Mold, O. Morrissey, M. Persson, A. Prizzon, K. Sharma, E. Siba, M. Soederbom, T.T.H. Tambunan, F.E. Turkson, A. Voy, A. Waldkirch, W. Wei, J.S. Wilson, J. Zhang, X. Zhang

Signals and Images: Advances and Results in Speech, Estimation, Compression, Recognition, Filtering, and Processing cohesively combines contributions from field experts to deliver a comprehensive account of the latest developments in signal processing. These experts detail the results of their research related to audio and speech enhancement, acoustic image estimation, video compression, biometric recognition, hyperspectral image analysis, tensor decomposition with applications in communications, adaptive sparse-interpolated filtering, signal processing for power line communications, bio-inspired signal processing, seismic data processing, arithmetic transforms for spectrum computation, particle filtering in cooperative networks, three-dimensional television, and more. This book not only shows how signal processing theory is applied in current and emerging technologies, but also demonstrates how to tackle key problems such as how to enhance speech in the time domain, improve audio quality, and meet the desired electrical consumption target for controlling carbon emissions. Signals and Images: Advances and Results in Speech, Estimation, Compression, Recognition, Filtering, and Processing serves as a guide to the next generation of signal processing solutions for speech and video coding, hearing aid devices, big data processing, smartphones, smart digital communications, acoustic sensors, and beyond.

An anthology of short stories in a range of genres from horror to romance and more featuring monsters from Latine mythology and authors from across the Latin American diaspora, including Yamile Saied Mendez, Amparo Ortiz, Maritza and Maika Moulite, Lilliam Rivera, and literary superstar Julia Alvarez. From zombies to cannibals to death incarnate, this cross-genre anthology offers something for every monster lover. In Our Shadows Have Claws, bloodthirsty vampires are hunted by a quick-witted slayer; children are stolen from their beds by "el viejo de la bolsa" while a military dictatorship steals their parents; and anyone you love, absolutely anyone, might be a shapeshifter waiting to hunt. The worlds of these stories are dark but also magical ones, where a ghost-witch can make your cheating boyfriend pay, bullies are brought to their knees by vicious wolf-gods, a jar of fireflies can protect you from the reality-warping magic of a bruja - and maybe you'll even live long enough to tell the tale. Set across Latin America and its diaspora, this collection offers bold, imaginative stories of oppression, grief, sisterhood, first love, and empowerment. Full contributor list: Chantel Acevedo, Courtney Alameda, Julia Alvarez, Ann Davila Cardinal, M. Garcia Pena, Racquel Marie, Gabriela Martins, Yamile Saied Mendez, Maika Moulite and Maritza Moulite, Claribel A. Ortega, Amparo Ortiz, Lilliam Rivera, Jenny Torres Sanchez, Ari Tison, and Alexandra Villasante.

In Makers of Democracy A. Ricardo Lopez-Pedreros traces the ways in which a thriving middle class was understood to be a foundational marker of democracy in Colombia during the second half of the twentieth century. Drawing on a wide array of sources ranging from training manuals and oral histories to school and business archives, Lopez-Pedreros shows how the Colombian middle class created a model of democracy based on free-market ideologies, private property rights, material inequality, and an emphasis on a masculine work culture. This model, which naturalized class and gender hierarchies, provided the groundwork for Colombia's later adoption of neoliberalism and inspired the emergence of alternate models of democracy and social hierarchies in the 1960s and 1970s that helped foment political radicalization. By highlighting the contested relationships between class, gender, economics, and politics, Lopez-Pedreros theorizes democracy as a historically unstable practice that exacerbated multiple forms of domination, thereby prompting a rethinking of the formation of democracies throughout the Americas.

A lead up to The Flash feature film! This collection of the 3-issue series follows the Barry Allen from the DC Universe films teaming up with Batman to stop a brand-new threat to central city! Barry Allen's world-saving adventure with the Justice League has driven Central City's favorite son to become a truly skilled and inspirational Superhero. But when a new threat by the name of Girder emerges in Central City, Barry turns to Batman for advice on training to master his powers. Under the Dark Knight's tutelage, The Fastest Man Alive will have to find a way to defeat this metallic menace or be crushed by Girder's strength! Collects The Flash: The Fastest Man Alive #1-3

In Makers of Democracy A. Ricardo Lopez-Pedreros traces the ways in which a thriving middle class was understood to be a foundational marker of democracy in Colombia during the second half of the twentieth century. Drawing on a wide array of sources ranging from training manuals and oral histories to school and business archives, Lopez-Pedreros shows how the Colombian middle class created a model of democracy based on free-market ideologies, private property rights, material inequality, and an emphasis on a masculine work culture. This model, which naturalized class and gender hierarchies, provided the groundwork for Colombia's later adoption of neoliberalism and inspired the emergence of alternate models of democracy and social hierarchies in the 1960s and 1970s that helped foment political radicalization. By highlighting the contested relationships between class, gender, economics, and politics, Lopez-Pedreros theorizes democracy as a historically unstable practice that exacerbated multiple forms of domination, thereby prompting a rethinking of the formation of democracies throughout the Americas.

This book provides the practical basis for the use of remote sensing to accomplish landscape ecological projects, through the merging of theory and practice, with examples. This is a specialized application and both these topics have evolved rapidly in the past decade. This evolution is not in the previous edition, and indeed this update provides much new information and valuable ideas for the professional and assist in directing the training of new personnel. The new edition will feature a combination of landscape ecology metrics, quantitative field measurements, and geospatial analyses.

TKO Studios presents "The Pull" from superstar creators Steve Orlando (Wonder Woman, Martian Manhunter) and Ricardo Lopez Ortiz (Deadpool, Hit-Girl: Colombia). COLLECTORS BOX SET - INCLUDES 6 ISSUES When the unstoppable cosmic force of the Undoer threatens the existence of Earth itself, Demm, a disgraced government agent, must shake off a lifetime's worth of regret if he's going to save us all. The only hope lies in Brenton Demm, one of Earth's thirteen super-science police, and his ex-wife Gayano Tith. With days left until the Undoer swallows the Earth, Tith can stop the Undoer, as long as Demm can keep her alive. The catch? Ever since his gloryhounding caused a disaster that killed hundreds and put Earth on the Undoer's radar, he's been clinically incapable of giving a damn. Disaffected, corrupt, but still looking for a hint of hope in his last days, Demm finds it when Tith tells him the world doesn't have to end. He just has to get back to work. "An ambitious and larger-than-life sci-fi series from writer Steve Orlando and artist Ricardo Lopez Ortiz." - SYFY Wire "Steve Orlando's Profile Hasn't Stopped Rising." - AV CLUB "Orlando is changing the landcape of comic books for a new generation." - ADVOCATE If you enjoyed The Pull, check out a few other TKO Studios thrilling titles: Sara (written by Garth Ennis) - ISBN 9781732748538 The Banks (written by Roxane Gay) - ISBN 9781732748583 Sentient (written by Jeff Lemire) - ISBN 9781732748545 Lonesome Days Savage Nights (written by Steve Niles) - 9781952203114 Redfork (written by Alex Paknadel) - ISBN 9781952203091

This SpringerBrief explores the internal workings of service systems. The authors propose a lightweight semantic model for an effective representation to capture the essence of service systems. Key topics include modeling frameworks, service descriptions and linked data, creating service instances, tool support, and applications in enterprises. Previous books on service system modeling and various streams of scientific developments used an external perspective to describe how systems can be integrated. This brief introduces the concept of white-box service system modeling as an approach to model the internal aspects and elements of service systems. This approach provides descriptions that can be used for service management, optimization, and analytics. Service Systems: Concepts, Modeling, and Programming is designed for researchers, teachers, and advanced-level students who want to learn about the new emerging field of service science and IS/IT practitioners who are looking for better ways to describe, model, and communicate services.