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Intellectual property (IP) has gained an unprecedented importance
in the new world of globalization and the knowledge economy.
However, experience, as well as cyclical attitudes toward IP, show
that there is no universal model of IP protection. This
comprehensive book considers new and emerging IP issues from a
development perspective, examining recent trends and developments
in this area. Presenting an overview of the IP landscape in
general, the contributing authors subsequently narrow their focus,
providing wide-ranging case studies from countries across Africa,
Asia and Latin America on topical issues in the current IP
discourse. These include the impact of IP on the pharmaceutical
sector, the protection of life forms and traditional knowledge,
geographical indications, access to knowledge and public research
institutes, and the role of competition policy. The challenges
developing countries face in the TRIPS-Plus world are also explored
in detail. The diverse range of contributions to this
thought-provoking book offer a wide variety of alternative
perspectives on and solutions for the controversial issues
surrounding the role of IP within sustainable development. As such,
it will prove a stimulating read for government policy-makers,
trade negotiators, academics, lawyers and IP practitioners in
general, UN and other intergovernmental agencies, development
campaigners and aid agencies, environmentalist groups and
university students.
An unprecedented surge in the scope and level of intellectual
property rights (IPR) protection has been engulfing the world. This
globalizing trend has shifted the balance of interests between
private innovators and society at large and tensions have flared
around key public policy concerns. As developing nations' policy
options to use IPRs in support of their broader development
strategy are being rapidly narrowed down, many experts are
questioning the one-size-fits-all approach to IPR protection and
are backing a rebalancing of the global regime. Developing
countries face huge challenges when designing and implementing
IPR-policy on all levels. This book offers perspectives from a
diverse range of developing country participants including civil
society participants, farmers, grassroots organizations,
researchers and government officials. Contributions from well-known
developed country authorities round out the selections.
Intellectual property (IP) has gained an unprecedented importance
in the new world of globalization and the knowledge economy.
However, experience, as well as cyclical attitudes toward IP, show
that there is no universal model of IP protection. This
comprehensive book considers new and emerging IP issues from a
development perspective, examining recent trends and developments
in this area. Presenting an overview of the IP landscape in
general, the contributing authors subsequently narrow their focus,
providing wide-ranging case studies from countries across Africa,
Asia and Latin America on topical issues in the current IP
discourse. These include the impact of IP on the pharmaceutical
sector, the protection of life forms and traditional knowledge,
geographical indications, access to knowledge and public research
institutes, and the role of competition policy. The challenges
developing countries face in the TRIPS-Plus world are also explored
in detail. The diverse range of contributions to this
thought-provoking book offer a wide variety of alternative
perspectives on and solutions for the controversial issues
surrounding the role of IP within sustainable development. As such,
it will prove a stimulating read for government policy-makers,
trade negotiators, academics, lawyers and IP practitioners in
general, UN and other intergovernmental agencies, development
campaigners and aid agencies, environmentalist groups and
university students.
The widely accepted need to reduce the world's dependence on fossil
fuels and move instead to low-carbon, renewable alternatives faces
a host of challenges. Whilst the greatest challenges remain in
engineering, political and public policy issues continue to play a
very important role. This volume, which consists of contributions
from leading figures in the field, presents the case for a
Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement (SETA). It shows that by
addressing barriers to trade in goods and services relevant for the
supply of clean energy, such an agreement would foster the crucial
scaling-up of clean energy supply and promote a shift away from
fossil fuels. In doing so it illustrates how the agreement would
help to address a number of overarching sustainable development
priorities, including the urgent threat of climate change, enhanced
energy access and improved energy security. The book will appeal to
academics and policymakers working on the interface of trade and
energy policy.
The widely accepted need to reduce the world's dependence on fossil
fuels and move instead to low-carbon, renewable alternatives faces
a host of challenges. Whilst the greatest challenges remain in
engineering, political and public policy issues continue to play a
very important role. This volume, which consists of contributions
from leading figures in the field, presents the case for a
Sustainable Energy Trade Agreement (SETA). It shows that by
addressing barriers to trade in goods and services relevant for the
supply of clean energy, such an agreement would foster the crucial
scaling-up of clean energy supply and promote a shift away from
fossil fuels. In doing so it illustrates how the agreement would
help to address a number of overarching sustainable development
priorities, including the urgent threat of climate change, enhanced
energy access and improved energy security. The book will appeal to
academics and policymakers working on the interface of trade and
energy policy.
Do the World Trade Organization's rules on 'green box' farm
subsidies allow both rich and poor countries to achieve important
goals such as food security, or do they worsen poverty, distort
trade and harm the environment? Current WTO requirements set no
ceiling on the amount of green box subsidies that governments can
provide, on the basis that these payments cause only minimal trade
distortion. Governments are thus increasingly shifting their
subsidy spending into this category, as they come under pressure to
reduce subsidies that are more directly linked to production.
However, growing evidence nonetheless suggests that green box
payments can affect production and trade, harm farmers in
developing countries and cause environmental damage. By bringing
together new research and critical thinking, this book examines the
relationship between green box subsidies and the achievement of
sustainable development goals, and explores options for future
reform.
This examination of the law in action of WTO dispute settlement
takes a developing-country perspective. Providing a bottom-up
assessment of the challenges, experiences and strategies of
individual developing countries, it assesses what these countries
have done and can do to build the capacity to deploy and shape the
WTO legal system, as well as the daunting challenges that they
face. Chapters address developing countries of varying size and
wealth, including China, India, Brazil, Argentina, Thailand, South
Africa, Egypt, Kenya and Bangladesh. Building from empirical work
by leading academics and practitioners, this book provides a much
needed understanding of how the WTO dispute settlement system
actually operates behind the scenes for developing countries.
Few scientific developments have given rise to as much controversy
as biotechnology. Numerous groups are united in their opposition,
expressing concern over environmental and health risks, impacts on
rural livelihoods, the economic dominance of multinational
companies and the ethical implications of crossing species
boundaries. Among the supporters of the technology are those that
believe in its potential to enhance food security, further economic
development, increase productivity and reduce environmental
pressures. As a result, countries - and sectors within countries -
find themselves at odds with each other while potential
opportunities for development offered by the use of biotechnology
are seized or missed, and related risks go unmanaged. This book, a
unique interdisciplinary collection of perspectives from the
developing world, examines the ongoing debate. Writing for the
International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, leading
experts address issues such as diffusion of technology,
intellectual property rights, the Cartagena Protocol, impacts of
international trade, capacity building and biotechnology research
and regulation. With the most recent and relevant examples from
around the world, Trading in Genes offers the reader a
single-volume overview of the connections between biotechnology,
trade and sustainability that is both wide-ranging and thorough
Sustaining the new bioeconomy requires a global biotechnology
governance regime to bring a large number of developing countries
into the global trading system. Failure to do so will create a
"genetic divide" among countries and is likely to intensify public
opposition to biotechnology. This unique interdisciplinary
collection of perspectives from the developing world on the debates
over the relationships between biotechnology, biosafety,
sustainable development and trade seeks to bridge the gap between
the different areas of regulatory activities and academic research,
and between the various stakeholders in the debate. Leading
experts, writing for the influential International Centre for Trade
and Sustainable Development, examine: the risks and opportunities
of biotechnology; biosafety; intellectual property rights and
related issues of access to genetic resources, benefit-sharing and
traditional knowledge; biotechnological development; capacity
building; the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety; relevant WTO
provisions; and developing countries' options in the WTO context.
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