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This survey of European public opinion on national security issues
interprets numerous public opinion polls retrieved from government
ministries, commercial agencies and educational institutions. It is
a comparative and historical survey of the security challenges
faced by Western governments.
Motivated by the lack of scholarly understanding of the substantial
gender difference in attitudes toward the use of military force,
Richard C. Eichenberg has mined a massive data set of public
opinion surveys to draw new and important conclusions. By analyzing
hundreds of such surveys across more than sixty countries, Gender,
War, and World Order offers researchers raw data, multiple
hypotheses, and three major findings. Eichenberg poses three
questions of the data: Are there significant differences in the
opinions of men and women on issues of national security? What
differences can be discerned across issues, culture, and time? And
what are the theoretical and political implications of these
attitudinal differences? Within this framework, Gender, War, and
World Order compares gender difference on military power, balance
of power, alliances, international institutions, the acceptability
of war, defense spending, defense/welfare compromises, and torture.
Eichenberg concludes that the centrality of military force,
violence, and war is the single most important variable affecting
gender difference; that the magnitude of gender difference on
security issues correlates with the economic development and level
of gender equality in a society; and that the country with the most
consistent gender polarization across the widest range of issues is
the United States.
No longer preoccupied with the East-West divide, contemporary
foreign policymakers now have to confront regional conflicts,
peace-enforcing and humanitarian missions, and a host of other
global problems and issues in areas such as trade, health, and the
environment. During the Cold War a widely-shared consensus on
national interest and security in the United States and western
Europe affected news reporting, public opinion, and foreign policy.
But with the end of this Cold War frame of reference, foreign
policy making has changed. As we enter the new century, the
question is how and to what extent will the new realities of the
post-Cold War world_as well as advances in communication
technology_influence news reporting, public attitudes, and, most of
all, foreign policy decisions on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
In this volume, American and European scholars examine change and
continuity in these important aspects of the foreign policy process
at the beginning of the 21st century.
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