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In this book, Walton and McKersie attempt to describe a
comprehensive theory of labor negotiation. The authors abstract and
analyze four sets of systems of activities which they believe
account for much of the behavior found in labor negotiations. The
first system of activities, termed "distributive bargaining,"
comprises competitive behaviors that are intended to influence the
division of limited resources. The second system is made up of
activities that increase the joint gain available to the
negotiating parties, referred to as "integrative bargaining." They
are problem-solving behaviors and other activities which identify,
enlarge and act upon the common interests of the parties. The third
system includes activities that influence the attitudes of the
parties toward each other and affect the basic relationship bonds
between the social units involved. This process is referred to as
"attitudinal structuring." The fourth system of activities, which
occurs as an integral aspect of the inter-party negotiations,
comprises the behaviors of a negotiator that are meant to achieve
consensus within one's own organizations. This fourth process is
called "intra-organizational bargaining." Each sub process has its
own set of instrumental acts or tactics. Therefore, each of the
four model chapters is followed by a chapter on the tactics which
implement the process. These chapters translate the model into
tactical assignments and include an abundance of supporting
illustrations from actual negotiations. This study should be of
interest to several audiences, including students and teachers of
industrial relations, social scientists interested in the general
field of conflict resolution, as well as practitioners of
collective bargaining and other individuals directly involved in
international negotiations. The overall theoretical framework has
been derived by a mixture of inductive and deductive reasoning.
Extensive fieldwork and several dozen printed case studies have
provided the bulk of the empirical data. In terms of meaning, the
study has three touchstones: the field of collective bargaining;
the field of conflict resolutions; and the underlying disciplines
of economics, psychology, and sociology.
Strategic Negotiations makes a significant contribution to the
literature on strategic choice (the explicit structuring by
management and labor of business and bargaining strategies that use
the economic and political environment as a framework to create
bargaining power). The authors intentionally build upon previous
work in A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations, but this book
also is a successful application of the three-tiered collective
bargaining theory first developed in The Transformation of American
Industrial Relations. Although scholars have identified strategic
initiatives in the collective bargaining relationship, recent
research has continued to emphasize economic explanations. This
book provides an alternative framework of analysis. . . . Strategic
Negotiations] provides abundant evidence, both theoretical and
empirical, that the traditional concerns of industrial relations
researchers are still relevant. Industrial and Labor Relations
Review"
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