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This book analyzes the institutional underpinnings of East Asia's
dynamic growth by exploring the interplay between governance and
flexibility. As the challenges of promoting and sustaining economic
growth become ever more complex, firms in both advanced and
industrializing countries face constant pressures for change from
markets and technology. Globalization, heightened competition, and
shorter product cycles mean that markets are increasingly volatile
and fragmented. To contend with demands for higher quality, quicker
delivery, and cost efficiencies, firms must enhance their
capability to innovate and diversify. Achieving this flexibility,
in turn, often requires new forms of governance arrangements that
facilitate the exchange of resources among diverse yet
interdependent economic actors. Moving beyond the literature's
emphasis on developed economies, this volume emphasizes the
relevance of the links between governance and flexibility for
understanding East Asia's explosive economic growth over the past
quarter century. In case studies that encompass a variety of key
industrial sectors and countries, the contributors emphasize the
importance of network patterns of governance for facilitating
flexibility in firms throughout the region. Their analyses
illuminate both the strengths and limitations of recent growth
strategies and offer insights into prospects for continued
expansion in the wake of the East Asian economic crisis of the late
1990s. Contributions by: Richard P. Appelbaum, Lu-lin Cheng,
Stephen W. K. Chiu, Frederic C. Deyo, Richard F. Doner, Dieter
Ernst, Eric Hershberg, Tai Lok Lui, Rajah Rasiah, David A. Smith,
and Poh-Kam Wong.
Momentous developments in the global economy over the last two
decades have dramatically increased the availability of industrial
investment sites and lowered the cost of relocating core activities
to new countries. But how should these developments be exploited
for competitive advantage? Firms face competing pressures: scale
economies and the advantages of proximity push them to concentrate
activities in one or only a few locations, while low wages and new
markets invite dispersal across several countries.
This book examines how location decisions have contributed to the
global dominance of U.S. firms in the hard disk drive industry. In
analyzing the industry since its beginnings some forty years ago,
the book explains how American leadership in disk drives has rested
on the formation of two complementary industrial clusters.
Fundamental research and product development has been located
almost entirely in the United States, principally California.
Manufacturing has been concentrated in Southeast Asia (initially in
Singapore and later in Thailand and Malaysia as well). This duality
has proven key to the successful competitive position of the U.S.
disk drive industry.
Beyond the particulars of the disk drive industry, the authors
present new perspectives on the sources of industrial leadership,
the strategic behavior of multinational corporations, the
geographic evolution of industry, and the creation and endurance of
industrial clusters. Managers will gain insight into how location
decisions can contribute to organizational effectiveness, and will
learn that globalizing production, while keeping innovative
activities at home, can contribute to their firms' competitive
advantage. Policy makers will find that first mover advantages may
be as important for countries as for companies, since early and
systematic efforts to attract a specific industry can generate a
critical mass of investments that, over time, will make a location
resistant to inducements offered by other countries.
Momentous developments in the global economy over the last two
decades have dramatically increased the availability of industrial
investment sites and lowered the cost of relocating core activities
to new countries. But how should these developments be exploited
for competitive advantage? Firms face competing pressures: scale
economies and the advantages of proximity push them to concentrate
activities in one or only a few locations, while low wages and new
markets invite dispersal across several countries.
This book examines how location decisions have contributed to the
global dominance of U.S. firms in the hard disk drive industry. In
analyzing the industry since its beginnings some forty years ago,
the book explains how American leadership in disk drives has rested
on the formation of two complementary industrial clusters.
Fundamental research and product development has been located
almost entirely in the United States, principally California.
Manufacturing has been concentrated in Southeast Asia (initially in
Singapore and later in Thailand and Malaysia as well). This duality
has proven key to the successful competitive position of the U.S.
disk drive industry.
Beyond the particulars of the disk drive industry, the authors
present new perspectives on the sources of industrial leadership,
the strategic behavior of multinational corporations, the
geographic evolution of industry, and the creation and endurance of
industrial clusters. Managers will gain insight into how location
decisions can contribute to organizational effectiveness, and will
learn that globalizing production, while keeping innovative
activities at home, can contribute to their firms' competitive
advantage. Policy makers will find that first mover advantages may
be as important for countries as for companies, since early and
systematic efforts to attract a specific industry can generate a
critical mass of investments that, over time, will make a location
resistant to inducements offered by other countries.
East Asia is a powerhouse of automobile production. Yet, across the
region, national automobile industries have had strikingly
different patterns of development. Despite starting from equally
low levels of performance and initially similar strategies,
countries have experienced vastly different results. From
Thailand's success as an assembly hub for foreign automakers and
China's unexpected achievements in building its own car industry,
to South Korea's impressive development of an integrated industry,
to the Philippines' persistent weakness, these divergent paths
offer a fascinating window into the determinants of economic
growth. The Political Economy of Automotive Industrialization in
East Asia provides a political explanation for why development
strategies and performance have been so uneven within one of the
world's most important regions. Utilizing interviews and
original-language research from multiple nations, this book
explains that factors such as market size and neoclassical economic
policies alone cannot explain these patterns of development.
Richard F. Doner, Gregory W. Noble, and John Ravenhill instead
highlight the significance of two sets of factors: countries' very
different capabilities for implementing policies and the political
forces that help to explain the emergence of effective
institutions. Through cross-national analyses of China, Taiwan,
South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand,
the book sets up a clear structure for understanding industrial
development and how it enables or constrains the capabilities of
domestic firms. Brief comparisons with Brazil, Mexico, and other
developing countries confirm the utility of the analytic framework
and demonstrate how it is superior both to accounts in mainstream
economics and much of political science, which fail to give
sufficient emphasis to the role of public and public-private
institutions, or provide an explanation of the political bases of
those institutions. In a world where auto assemblers and suppliers
are facing new challenges in an ever-evolving industry-such as the
transition to electric and autonomous vehicles-this book offers a
crucial perspective on the centrality of institutional capacities
and political economy. By tracing the divergent trajectories of
seven nations, The Political Economy of Automotive
Industrialization in East Asia offers lessons beyond the automobile
industry that illustrate the broader importance of institutions to
economic growth.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which
commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out
and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and
impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes
high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1991.
This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which
commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out
and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and
impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes
high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1991.
Why do some middle-income countries diversify their economies but
fail to upgrade - to produce world-class products based on local
inputs and technological capacities? Why have the 'little tigers'
of Southeast Asia, such as Thailand, continued to lag behind the
Newly Industrializing Countries of East Asia? Richard Doner goes
beyond 'political will' by emphasizing institutional capacities and
political pressures: development challenges vary; upgrading poses
tough challenges that require robust institutional capacities. Such
strengths are political in origin. They reflect pressures, such as
security threats and resource constraints, which motivate political
leaders to focus on efficiency more than clientelist payoffs. Such
pressures help to explain the political institutions - 'veto
players' - through which leaders operate. Doner assesses this
argument by analyzing Thai development historically, in three
sectors (sugar, textiles, and autos) and in comparison with both
weaker and stronger competitors (Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan,
Brazil, and South Korea).
Why do some middle-income countries diversify their economies but
fail to upgrade - to produce world-class products based on local
inputs and technological capacities? Why have the 'little tigers'
of Southeast Asia, such as Thailand, continued to lag behind the
Newly Industrializing Countries of East Asia? Richard Doner goes
beyond 'political will' by emphasizing institutional capacities and
political pressures: development challenges vary; upgrading poses
tough challenges that require robust institutional capacities. Such
strengths are political in origin. They reflect pressures, such as
security threats and resource constraints, which motivate political
leaders to focus on efficiency more than clientelist payoffs. Such
pressures help to explain the political institutions - 'veto
players' - through which leaders operate. Doner assesses this
argument by analyzing Thai development historically, in three
sectors (sugar, textiles, and autos) and in comparison with both
weaker and stronger competitors (Philippines, Indonesia, Taiwan,
Brazil, and South Korea).
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