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The history of criminal justice in modern Germany has become a
vibrant field of research, as demonstrated in this volume.
Following an introductory survey, the twelve chapters examine major
topics in the history of crime and criminal justice from Imperial
Germany, through the Weimar and Nazi eras, to the early postwar
years. These topics include case studies of criminal trials, the
development of juvenile justice, and the efforts to reform the
penal code, criminal procedure, and the prison system. The
collection also reveals that the history of criminal justice has
much to contribute to other areas of historical inquiry: it
explores the changing relationship of criminal justice to
psychiatry and social welfare, analyzes representations of crime
and criminal justice in the media and literature, and uses the lens
of criminal justice to illuminate German social history, gender
history, and the history of sexuality.
The history of criminal justice in modern Germany has become a
vibrant field of research, as demonstrated in this volume.
Following an introductory survey, the twelve chapters examine major
topics in the history of crime and criminal justice from Imperial
Germany, through the Weimar and Nazi eras, to the early postwar
years. These topics include case studies of criminal trials, the
development of juvenile justice, and the efforts to reform the
penal code, criminal procedure, and the prison system. The
collection also reveals that the history of criminal justice has
much to contribute to other areas of historical inquiry: it
explores the changing relationship of criminal justice to
psychiatry and social welfare, analyzes representations of crime
and criminal justice in the media and literature, and uses the lens
of criminal justice to illuminate German social history, gender
history, and the history of sexuality.
Explaining crime by reference to abnormalities of the brain is just
one example of how the human and social sciences have influenced
the approach to social problems in Western societies since 1880.
Focusing on applications such as penal policy, therapy, and
marketing, this volume examines how these sciences have become
embedded in society.
Explaining crime by reference to abnormalities of the brain is just
one example of how the human and social sciences have influenced
the approach to social problems in Western societies since 1880.
Focusing on applications such as penal policy, therapy, and
marketing, this volume examines how these sciences have become
embedded in society.
Recent years have witnessed a resurgence of biological research
into the causes of crime, but the origins of this kind of research
date back to the late nineteenth century. Here, Richard Wetzell
presents the first history of German criminology from Imperial
Germany through the Weimar Republic to the end of the Third Reich,
a period that provided a unique test case for the perils associated
with biological explanations of crime. Drawing on a wealth of
primary sources from criminological, legal, and psychiatric
literature, Wetzell shows that German biomedical research on crime
predominated over sociological research and thus contributed to the
rise of the eugenics movement and the eventual targeting of
criminals for eugenic measures by the Nazi regime. However, he also
demonstrates that the development of German criminology was
characterized by a constant tension between the criminologists'
hereditarian biases and an increasing methodological sophistication
that prevented many of them from endorsing the crude genetic
determinism and racism that characterized so much of Hitler's
regime. As a result, proposals for the sterilization of criminals
remained highly controversial during the Nazi years, suggesting
that Nazi biological politics left more room for contention than
has often been assumed.
The 'racial state' has become a familiar shorthand for the Third
Reich, encapsulating its raison d'etre, ambitions, and the
underlying logic of its genocidal violence. The Nazi racial state's
agenda is generally understood as a fundamental reshaping of
society based on a new hierarchy of racial value. However, this
volume argues that it is time to reappraise what race really meant
under Nazism, and to question and complicate its relationship to
the Nazis' agenda, actions, and appeal. Based on a wealth of new
research, the contributors show that racial knowledge and racial
discourse in Nazi Germany were far more contradictory and disparate
than we have come to assume. They shed new light on the ways that
racial policy worked and was understood, and consider race's
function, content, and power in relation to society and nation, and
above all, in relation to the extraordinary violence unleashed by
the Nazis.
This book presents research on the history of criminology from the
late-eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century in Western Europe
(Austria, Britain, France, Germany, Italy) and in Argentina,
Australia, Japan, and the United States. Approaching the history of
criminology as a history of science and practice, the essays
examine the discourse on crime and criminals that surfaced as part
of different discourses and practices, including the activities of
the police and the courts, parliamentary debates, media reports, as
well as the writings of moral statisticians, jurists, and medical
doctors. In addition, the book seeks to elucidate the relationship
between criminological discourse and politics, society, and culture
by providing a comparative study of the worldwide reception of
Cesare Lombroso's criminal-anthropological ideas.
Presenting recent research spanning the late eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century in Western Europe, Argentina, Australia, Japan, and the United States, this survey approaches the history of criminology as a history of science and practice. The essays examine the discourse on crime and criminals that surfaced as part of different discourses and practices, including the activities of the police and the courts, parliamentary debates, and media reports, as well as the writings of moral statisticians, jurists, and medical doctors.
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