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The book examines the development and the dynamics of the personal
distribution of income in Germany, Great Britain, Sweden and the
United States and some other OECD countries. Starting with the
distribution of labour income, the issue is then expanded to
include all monetary incomes of private households and to adjust
for household size by an equivalence scale. Some authors analyse
one country in detail by decomposing aggregate inequality measures,
other authors focus on direct comparisons of some features of the
income distribution in Germany with those in Great Britain or in
the United States. The results suggest dominant influences of
unemployment as well as of tax and transfer policies and different
welfare regimes, respectively, but also show that our knowledge
about distributional processes is still limited.
The intention of this book is threefold: presenting and advancing German reporting on income distribution and poverty, looking at experiences with advanced reporting schemes in two other EU countries, and discussing concepts for comparable social monitoring in the European Union. The first group of papers elaborates on recent findings for Germany (trends in the personal distribution of income and income poverty, multidimensional approaches to measure poverty and extreme poverty, redistribution). Of special interest is a critical methodological review of the two main German databases for distribution analyses, taking the suggestions of the Canberra Group as a reference. The second group of contributions reviews research on income distribution and poverty in Great Britain and Ireland. The last paper discusses concepts of comparable indicators for poverty and social exclusion in the EU.
Richard Hauser Irene Becker Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University,
FrankfurtlMain This volume marks the end of a research project of
the editors titled "The Devel opment of the Personal Distribution
of Income in Germany" that was financed by the Hans Bockler
Foundation from 1994 to 2001. This research concentrated on a
national perspective, studying many aspects of income inequality
and poverty in West Germany between 1969 and 1998 and extending the
analyses to inequality in East Germany after the German
reunification. Now at the end point of our empiri cal analyses, we
want to expand the perspective to other research in this field, to
challenges for future research, and to the European dimension,
rather than to summarise all our results, which is done in another
bookl. In 2001, the German goverrunent published its first Poverty
and Wealth Re 2 port, which also draws on results from our research
project. Thus, the intention of this volume is threefold:
presenting and advancing Gernlan reporting on poverty in other coun
and wealth, examining experience with advanced reporting schemes
tries, and discussing comparative concepts for social monitoring in
the European Union."
Irene Becker and Richard Hauser "Bringing Income Distribution in
From The Cold" was the title Anthony B. Atkinson gave his
Presidential Address to the Royal Economic Society in 1996. This
provocative formulation was intended to draw attention to the way
in which the subject of income distribution long has been
marginalised in the field of economics (Atkinson 1997). In recent
years, however, scientific interest in matters of personal income
distribution has been growing. One reason for this recent concern
stems from the political sphere: The factors of reinforced
competition between countries due to the globalisation of markets
and European integration, high unemployment rates and demographic
changes necessitate reforms of labour markets, tax systems and
social security systems. These reforms will affect both allocation
and distribution, so that reliable information on both areas is
needed to devise balanced political programs. Another reason for
the burgeoning literature on personal income distribution is the
improved availability of data on individual income, which are a
major prerequisite for detailed analyses of distribution topics.
Last but not least, the development of powerful computers, advanced
statistics, econometric packages and extended micro-simulation
models enables researchers both to work with huge individual data
sets to describe and explain the personal distribution of income
and to simulate the effects of political (social and economic)
programs. The volume at hand is based on some of the research
advances in this field during the last decade.
Der vorliegende Bericht versucht, okonomische, sozialpolitische und
soziologische Ansatze und Betrachtungsweisen zu verbinden, um damit
eine umfassendere Analyse des Transformationsprozesses zu leisten.
Dass hier durch angesichts der unterschiedlichen Fachterminologien
und -perspektiven manche "Bruche" entstehen, muss als "Preis" fur
diesen Versuch in Kauf ge nommen werden. Die Berichtsgruppe hofft,
mit dem Bericht einen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Erforschung
des bisherigen Transformationsprozesses zu leisten und der
Offentlichkeit und der Politik Informationen und Anre gungen zu
geben. Frankfurt am Main, 30. Juni 1996 Richard Hauser, Wolfgang
Glatzer, Stefan Hradil, Gerhard Kleinhenz, Tho mas Olk, Eckart
Pankoke 1. Einfuhrung Dieser Bericht behandelt einige Aspekte des
in der Deutschen Demokrati schen Republik eingeleiteten und nach
der Vereinigung in den neuen Bun deslandern sich fortsetzenden
Transformationsprozesses von einem soziali stischen zu einem
freiheitlich-demokratischen und sozialstaatliehen Gesell schafts-
und Wirtschaftssystem. Obgleich es sich hierbei um einen Sonderfall
des in allen ehemals sozialistischen Landern Mittel- und Osteuropas
ablau fenden Transformationsprozesses handelt, erscheint es
wichtig, zunachst ei nige allgemeine Charakteristika
postsozialistischer Umbruche zu skizzieren. ' Zur Kennzeichnung der
epochalen gesellschaftlichen Umbruchprozesse in Mittel- und
Osteuropa wurden und werden verschiedene Begriffe verwen det. Die
Palette reicht von "friedlicher Revolution" uber "nachholende Mo
dernisierung" bis hin zu "Reform," "Transition" (also Ubergang),
"radikaler Systemwechsel" oder "Transformation." Wahrend einige
Begriffe- wie Re volution oder Transition - sich offensichtlich nur
auf bestimmte Abschnitte beziehen, heben andere - wie nachholende
Modernisierung - einzelne Aspekte hervor oder bleiben- wie Wandel
oder Reform- allgemein."
Dieses praxisnahe, anschauliche und fundierte Fachbuch gibt -
unterstutzt von zahlreichen Beispielen - eine integrative und
handlungsorientierte Darstellung, wie der richtige Wirkungsbereich
fur Unternehmen aus strategischer Sicht, d.h. jenseits von
kurzfristigen "Angeboten," "Trends" oder rein finanziellen
Interessen, bestimmt werden kann."
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