How did medieval Europeans use and change their environments, think about the natural world, and try to handle the natural forces affecting their lives? This groundbreaking environmental history examines medieval relationships with the natural world from the perspective of social ecology, viewing human society as a hybrid of the cultural and the natural. Richard Hoffmann's interdisciplinary approach sheds important light on such central topics in medieval history as the decline of Rome, religious doctrine, urbanization and technology, as well as key environmental themes, among them energy use, sustainability, disease and climate change. Revealing the role of natural forces in events previously seen as purely human, the book explores issues including the treatment of animals, the 'tragedy of the commons', agricultural clearances and agrarian economies. By introducing medieval history in the context of social ecology, it brings the natural world into historiography as an agent and object of history itself.

How did medieval Europeans use and change their environments, think about the natural world, and try to handle the natural forces affecting their lives? This groundbreaking environmental history examines medieval relationships with the natural world from the perspective of social ecology, viewing human society as a hybrid of the cultural and the natural. Richard Hoffmann's interdisciplinary approach sheds important light on such central topics in medieval history as the decline of Rome, religious doctrine, urbanization and technology, as well as key environmental themes, among them energy use, sustainability, disease and climate change. Revealing the role of natural forces in events previously seen as purely human, the book explores issues including the treatment of animals, the 'tragedy of the commons', agricultural clearances and agrarian economies. By introducing medieval history in the context of social ecology, it brings the natural world into historiography as an agent and object of history itself.

Fur viele Unternehmen in der EU ist China heute der wichtigste Markt weltweit. Dochim chinesischen Geschaftsalltag stossen auswartige Investoren immer wieder auf Probleme, insbesondere bei Grundungsvorhaben oder im Dialog mit den Steuerbehorden. Dieser Leitfaden vermitteltdas notwendige Grundwissen uber die landestypischen Gepflogenheiten und nennt die wesentlichen Anforderungen fur erfolgreiche Investitionen in der VR China. Er basiert auf den praktischen Erfahrungen, die der Autor als Berater vor Ort bei Hunderten von Unternehmen gesammelt hat. Der Leser gewinnt detaillierte Einsichten in die chinesischen Grundungs- und Geschaftsablaufe sowie in rechtliche und steuerliche Besonderheiten, diejedem Unternehmer oder Manager in China vertraut sein sollten. Dieser Ratgeber wurde von einem erfahrenen Insider aus der Praxis fur die Praxis geschrieben profitieren Sievon Hinweisen, Informationen und Tipps aus erster Hand."

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.