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Natural Citizens: Ethical Formation as Biological Development
presents a novel view, "naturalist humanism," that applies recent
scientific work challenging dichotomous views of biological
development. Rather than being a passive victim of its evolutionary
fate, the developing organism is an active participant, partly
constructing its own ecological niche from internal and external
resources. The human developmental environment, our ecological
niche, has a distinctive socio-cultural character. Richard Paul
Hamilton proposes that we understand the development of moral
character as an integral part of biological development with the
virtues construed as refinements of mundane social intelligence.
Drawing on work in 4E Cognition, Hamilton revisits the traditional
idea of ethical understanding as quasi-perceptual but argues that
this can only be made intelligible by taking a
non-representationalist view of perception. The virtuous person has
learned how to focus her attention on what enables her to live a
fully human life, individually and communally. Given that not all
societies are equally conducive to fully human lives, the
concluding sections explore how contemporary capitalist society
distorts our attention and what obstacles it places in the way of
virtue. Natural Citizens highlights the unsustainable state of
current social and economic relations and the urgent need for
radical alternatives.
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