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This book introduces nanoparticles as a powerful platform for
vaccine design. Current challenges in vaccine development are
discussed and the unique advantages nanoparticles provide in
overcoming these challenges are explored. The authors offer
fascinating insights into the immunological assets of using
nanoparticles as delivery vehicles or adjuvants and present
different materials that are being used in nanoparticle-based
vaccine development, covering peptides, proteins, polymers,
virus-like particles, and liposomes. Its contemporary research
insights and practical examples for applications make this volume
an inspiring read for researchers and clinicians in vaccinology and
immunology. Chapter "Liposome Formulations as Adjuvants for
Vaccines" is available open access under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
This two-volume work covers the molecular and cell biology,
genetics and evolution of influenza viruses, the pathogenesis of
infection, resultant host innate and adaptive immune response,
prevention of infection through vaccination and approaches to the
therapeutic control of infection.. Experts at the forefront of
these areas provide critical assessments with regard to influenza
virology, immunology, cell and molecular biology, and pathogenesis.
Volume I provides overviews of the latest findings on molecular
determinants of viral pathogenicity, virus entry and cell tropism,
pandemic risk assessment, transmission and pathogenesis in animal
species, viral evolution, ecology and antigenic variation, while
Volume II focuses on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in
pathogenesis, development of vaccines and antivirals.Â
This two-volume work covers the molecular and cell biology,
genetics and evolution of influenza viruses, the pathogenesis of
infection, resultant host innate and adaptive immune response,
prevention of infection through vaccination and approaches to the
therapeutic control of infection.. Experts at the forefront of
these areas provide critical assessments with regard to influenza
virology, immunology, cell and molecular biology, and pathogenesis.
Volume I provides overviews of the latest findings on molecular
determinants of viral pathogenicity, virus entry and cell tropism,
pandemic risk assessment, transmission and pathogenesis in animal
species, viral evolution, ecology and antigenic variation, while
Volume II focuses on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in
pathogenesis, development of vaccines and antivirals.Â
This two-volume work covers the molecular and cell biology,
genetics and evolution of influenza viruses, the pathogenesis of
infection, resultant host innate and adaptive immune response,
prevention of infection through vaccination and approaches to the
therapeutic control of infection.. Experts at the forefront of
these areas provide critical assessments with regard to influenza
virology, immunology, cell and molecular biology, and pathogenesis.
Volume I provides overviews of the latest findings on molecular
determinants of viral pathogenicity, virus entry and cell tropism,
pandemic risk assessment, transmission and pathogenesis in animal
species, viral evolution, ecology and antigenic variation, while
Volume II focuses on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in
pathogenesis, development of vaccines and antivirals.
This two-volume work covers the molecular and cell biology,
genetics and evolution of influenza viruses, the pathogenesis of
infection, resultant host innate and adaptive immune response,
prevention of infection through vaccination and approaches to the
therapeutic control of infection.. Experts at the forefront of
these areas provide critical assessments with regard to influenza
virology, immunology, cell and molecular biology, and pathogenesis.
Volume I provides overviews of the latest findings on molecular
determinants of viral pathogenicity, virus entry and cell tropism,
pandemic risk assessment, transmission and pathogenesis in animal
species, viral evolution, ecology and antigenic variation, while
Volume II focuses on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in
pathogenesis, development of vaccines and antivirals.
Understanding the mechanisms involved in intracellular movement and
localization of proteins is a central issue in cell biology. This
volume is concerned with the events involved in the transport of
membrane proteins, and the contents of vesicular compartments, to
their ultimate destinations. In several chapters, particular
attention is given to studies with viruses that are assembled by
budding at specific membrane sites within the cell or at the cell
surface; studies with such viral systems have provided significant
insights into membrane biogenesis.
Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A
viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not
only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have
been transmitted to humans, resulting in numerous fatalities. The
rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the
possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread
from person to person raises the risk that such a virus could cause
a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective
influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and
control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza
vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which
have little or no antigenic relationship to the highly pathogenic
H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly
stimulated research activities to develop eff- tive vaccines for
pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inh-
ent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution.
These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as
the substrate for vaccine prod- tion, which is time-consuming and
could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains.
Other limitations include the requirement that the current inac-
vated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and
syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck
when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns.
In addition, the current inactivated vaccines that are delivered by
injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper
respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated.
Recent years have seen unprecedented outbreaks of avian influenza A
viruses. In particular, highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have not
only resulted in widespread outbreaks in domestic poultry, but have
been transmitted to humans, resulting in numerous fatalities. The
rapid expansion in their geographic distribution and the
possibility that these viruses could acquire the ability to spread
from person to person raises the risk that such a virus could cause
a global pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. An effective
influenza vaccine represents the best approach to prevent and
control such an emerging pandemic. However, current influenza
vaccines are directed at existing seasonal influenza viruses, which
have little or no antigenic relationship to the highly pathogenic
H5N1 strains. Concerns about pandemic preparedness have greatly
stimulated research activities to develop eff- tive vaccines for
pandemic influenza viruses, and to overcome the limitations inh-
ent in current approaches to vaccine production and distribution.
These limitations include the use of embryonated chicken eggs as
the substrate for vaccine prod- tion, which is time-consuming and
could involve potential biohazards in growth of new virus strains.
Other limitations include the requirement that the current inac-
vated influenza vaccines be administered using needles and
syringes, requiring trained personnel, which could be a bottleneck
when attempting to vaccinate large populations in mass campaigns.
In addition, the current inactivated vaccines that are delivered by
injection elicit limited protective immunity in the upper
respiratory tract where the infection process is initiated.
This book introduces nanoparticles as a powerful platform for
vaccine design. Current challenges in vaccine development are
discussed and the unique advantages nanoparticles provide in
overcoming these challenges are explored. The authors offer
fascinating insights into the immunological assets of using
nanoparticles as delivery vehicles or adjuvants and present
different materials that are being used in nanoparticle-based
vaccine development, covering peptides, proteins, polymers,
virus-like particles, and liposomes. Its contemporary research
insights and practical examples for applications make this volume
an inspiring read for researchers and clinicians in vaccinology and
immunology. Chapter "Liposome Formulations as Adjuvants for
Vaccines" is available open access under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
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