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Contemporary Corrections: A Critical Thinking Approach introduces
readers to the essential elements of the US corrections system
without drowning students in a sea of nonessential information.
Unbiased and accessible, the text includes coverage of the history
of corrections, alternatives to incarceration, probation/parole,
race/ethnicity/gender issues in corrections, re-entry into the
community, and more. The authors' unparalleled practical approach,
reinforced by contemporary examples, illuminates the role
corrections plays in our society. The authors have reinvigorated
earlier work with additional content on international comparative
data to increase our understanding of how prison officials in other
nations have developed different types of responses to the problems
that challenge every US correctional administrator, a new chapter
on correctional personnel, and an integration of race and ethnicity
issues throughout the book. Unrivaled in scope, this book offers
undergraduates a concise but comprehensive introduction to
corrections with textual materials and assignments designed to
encourage students' critical thinking skills.
Contemporary Corrections: A Critical Thinking Approach introduces
readers to the essential elements of the US corrections system
without drowning students in a sea of nonessential information.
Unbiased and accessible, the text includes coverage of the history
of corrections, alternatives to incarceration, probation/parole,
race/ethnicity/gender issues in corrections, re-entry into the
community, and more. The authors' unparalleled practical approach,
reinforced by contemporary examples, illuminates the role
corrections plays in our society. The authors have reinvigorated
earlier work with additional content on international comparative
data to increase our understanding of how prison officials in other
nations have developed different types of responses to the problems
that challenge every US correctional administrator, a new chapter
on correctional personnel, and an integration of race and ethnicity
issues throughout the book. Unrivaled in scope, this book offers
undergraduates a concise but comprehensive introduction to
corrections with textual materials and assignments designed to
encourage students' critical thinking skills.
This book addresses the causes of rising crime rates resulting from
the rapid population growth and industrialization associated with
natural resource extraction in rural communities. Ruddell describes
the social problems emerging in these boomtowns, including
increases in antisocial behavior, as well as property-related and
violent crime, industrial mishaps and traffic collisions. Many of
the victims of these crimes are already members of vulnerable or
marginalized groups, including rural women, Indigenous populations,
and young people. The quality of life in boomtowns also decreases
due to environmental impacts, including air, water and noise
pollution. Law enforcement agencies, courts, and correction
facilities in boomtowns are often overwhelmed by the growing demand
as these places are seldom able to manage the population growth.
The key questions addressed here are: who should pay the costs of
managing these booms, and how can we prepare communities to
mitigate the worst effects of this growth and development and,
ultimately, increase the quality of life for boomtown residents. An
in-depth and timely study, this original work will be of great
interest to scholars of violent crime, criminal justice, and
corporate harm.
This book draws upon the observations of contributors who wrote
about American jails prior to the 1940s. They provide readers with
a comprehensive account of jail operations and conditions from the
turn of the 20th century until the Great Depression. During this
time, jails were labeled a "human dumping ground" and that
description was accurate given the dismal conditions that many
inmates endured: men, women, and juveniles were often held together
in makeshift jails. Seldom was much thought given to their care and
jails were often places of filth, depravity and deprivation. Some
of the jailers who operated these facilities were as corrupt,
violent, and immoral as the inmates they were responsible for
supervising. Like today, most inmates had not been found guilty of
a crime and many were in jail because they could not scrape
together a few dollars for bail or a fine. Other jail inmates were
witnesses, runaway juveniles, or persons with mental illness who
were held in the local jail because no other residential
alternatives existed. Yet, despite this depressing appraisal of
jail conditions, many of the contributors were optimistic about the
possibility of jail reform. While local jail conditions are far
more humane and professionally operated today, this book outlines
how many still suffer from the same problems identified almost a
century ago.
This book focuses on the difficulties that medical and health care
providers, correctional administrators, and policy makers face in
delivering care to incarcerated juveniles and adults. Sometimes the
demands on these practitioners can be overwhelming. Each year in
the United States thousands of infants are born behind bars, and at
least 3,000 inmates will die in state prisons alone. Practitioners
confront an array of serious health care problems, from providing
emergency care, preventing the spread of communicable diseases,
managing chronic illnesses, and preparing for pandemics. A
significant concern is that inmates with untreated health problems
pose a significant challenge to community health. Over 14 million
arrestees cycle through juvenile facilities or county jails, and
some 650,000 persons are released from prison each year. As a
result, there has been increased attention focusing on the
connections between correctional and community health. The
contributors to this volume examine these challenges, highlight
successful medical and health care programs, and outline an agenda
for future research.
On any given day, there are over 100,000 youthful offenders held in
a variety of residential placements, from community-based
wilderness experience programs or group homes to high security
facilities that are almost indistinguishable from prisons. In
addition, thousands of juveniles are incarcerated in adult jails or
prisons and some will serve the rest of their lives behind bars.
Despite a 200-year history of holding juveniles in these settings,
there is a gap in our knowledge about what actually occurs within
these places. There are assaults, murders and suicides, as well as
staff and resident misconduct, medical misadventures, unintentional
injuries and mismanagement. On the other hand, there are thousands
of hard-working, dedicated, and professional staff members in these
facilities who enthusiastically work toward the rehabilitation of
these young people. The contributors to this volume examine some of
the key issues and trends within contemporary juvenile corrections,
highlight promising rehabilitative practices, and identify the
challenges of working with these youth.
This book presents an extensive overview of the main issues
surrounding violence in prisons, jails, and juvenile facilities.
One in one hundred American adults are currently incarcerated and
the threat of violence in these facilities affects not only the
inmates who reside there but also the custodial and professional
staff. Despite recent reductions in lethal violence over the past
two decades, each year approximately 70 homicides occur in these
facilities and tens of thousands of incidences of non-fatal
violence occur. The threat of violence may, in many cases, force
treatment and rehabilitation efforts to take a backseat to
institutional and personal safety concerns. Further, the aftermath
of violence for victims, perpetrators, and witnesses poses serious
issues for the community as the overwhelming majority of inmates
eventually return home. The contributors to this volume examine
these issues, highlight promising violence prevention and reduction
strategies, and outline an agenda for future research.
This book provides a fresh look at the way the United States is
choosing to deal with some of the serious or persistent youth
offenders: by transferring juvenile offenders to adult courts. For
more than 20 years now, the attitude in some jurisdictions has been
"if you're old enough to do the crime, you're old enough to do the
time." After two decades of applying this increasingly punitive
mindset to juvenile offenders, it is possible to see the actual
consequences of transferring more and younger offenders to adult
courts. In Do the Crime, Do the Time: Juvenile Criminals and Adult
Justice in the American Court System, the authors apply their
decades of experience, both in the practical world and from unique
research perspectives, to shed light on the influence of public
opinion and the political forces that shape juvenile justice policy
in the United States. The book provides a fresh look at the way the
United States is choosing to deal with some of the serious or
persistent juvenile offenders, utilizing real-life examples and
cases to draw connections between transfer policies and individual
outcomes.
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