The distinction between functional categories and lexical categories is at the heart of present-day grammatical theory, in theories on language acquisition, code-switching and aphasia. At the same time, it has become clear, however, that there are many lexical items for which it is less easy to decide whether they side with the lexical categories or the functional ones. This book deals with the grammatical behavior of such in- between-categories, which are referred to here as "semi-lexical categories."

Formal grammars by definition need two parts: a theory of computation (or derivation), and a theory of representation. While recent attention in mainstream syntactic and phonological theory has been devoted to the former, the papers in this volume aim to show that the importance of representational details is not diminished by the insights of such theories.

The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert

The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert

The concept of 'trigger' is a core concept of Chomsky's Minimalist Program. The idea that certain types of movement are triggered by some property of the target position is at least as old as the notion that the movement of noun phrases to the subject position is triggered by their need to receive nominative case. In more recent versions of syntactic theory, triggering mechanisms are thought to regulate all of movement. Furthermore, a quite narrow range of triggering mechanisms is permitted. As is to be expected, such a restrictive approach meets a variety of difficulties. Specifically, the question is whether all triggering elements required to cover displacement of all kinds in natural language can be independently motivated. Further, how can a trigger theory, which crucially relies on the idea that all movement is obligatory, deal with apparently optional movement processes? Are features an adequate means to express the triggering function in all cases? More radically, are all movement phenomena really the result of the checking of trigger features? And what about apparent triggering factors that are 'external' to syntax such as prosody - can they be captured in a rigid trigger theory? In other words, could certain aspects of triggered movement be due to interface conditions? Such is the range of questions addressed by the fourteen contributions to this book. They cover a considerable range of languages (including Afrikaans, Breton, Bulgarian, Dutch, English, French, German, Gungbe, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Kiswahili, Romanian). These papers present materials, both empirical and theoretical, that will not fail to have considerable impact on the further development of the concept of trigger in syntactic theory.

The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert

Few concepts are as ubiquitous in the physical world of humans as that of identity. Laws of nature crucially involve relations of identity and non-identity, the act of identifying is central to most cognitive processes, and the structure of human language is determined in many different ways by considerations of identity and its opposite. The purpose of this book is to bring together research from a broad scale of domains of grammar that have a bearing on the role that identity plays in the structure of grammatical representations and principles. Beyond a great many analytical puzzles, the creation and avoidance of identity in grammar raise a lot of fundamental and hard questions. These include: Why is identity sometimes tolerated or even necessary, while in other contexts it must be avoided? What are the properties of complex elements that contribute to configurations of identity (XX)? What structural notions of closeness or distance determine whether an offending XX-relation exists or, inversely, whether two more or less distant elements satisfy some requirement of identity? Is it possible to generalize over the specific principles that govern (non-)identity in the various components of grammar, or are such comparisons merely metaphorical? Indeed, can we define the notion of identity in a formal way that will allow us to decide which of the manifold phenomena that we can think of are genuine instances of some identity (avoidance) effect? If identity avoidance is a manifestation in grammar of some much more encompassing principle, some law of nature, then how is it possible that what does and what does not count as identical in the grammars of different languages seems to be subject to considerable variation?

In today's global knowledge economy, competition for the best and brightest workers has intensified. Highly skilled workers are an asset to companies, knowledge institutions, cities, and regions as they contribute to knowledge creation, innovation, and economic growth and development. Skilled migrants cross, and many times straddle, international borders to pursue professional opportunities. These spatial relocations provide opportunities and challenges for migrants and the cities and regions they inhabit. How have international skilled migratory flows been formed, sustained, and transformed over multiple spaces and scales? How have these processes affected cities and regions? And how have multiple stakeholders responded to these processes? The contributors to this book bring together perspectives from economic, social, urban, and population geography in order to address these questions from a myriad of angles. Empirical case studies from different regions illuminate the multiscaled processes of international skilled migration. In particular, the contributions rethink skilled migration theories and provide insights into: the experiences of highly skilled labor migrants and international students; issues related to transnational activities and return migration; and policy implications for both immigrant source and destination countries. It also charts a future research agenda for international skilled migration research. Rethinking International Skilled Migration provides a comparative perspective on the experiences of skilled migrants across the local, regional, national, and/or global scale, paying particular attention to spatial and place-based dimensions of international skilled migration. It will be of interest to scholars and professionals in international migration, regional and national development policymakers, international businesses, and NGOs.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, EMAS 2014, held in Paris, France, in May 2014. The 22 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 41 submissions. The focus of the papers is on following topics: intelligent agents, multi-agent systems, software design engineering, model-driven software engineering, reasoning about belief and knowledge, cooperation and coordination, constraint and logic programming, software verification, design patterns.

In today's global knowledge economy, competition for the best and brightest workers has intensified. Highly skilled workers are an asset to companies, knowledge institutions, cities, and regions as they contribute to knowledge creation, innovation, and economic growth and development. Skilled migrants cross, and many times straddle, international borders to pursue professional opportunities. These spatial relocations provide opportunities and challenges for migrants and the cities and regions they inhabit. How have international skilled migratory flows been formed, sustained, and transformed over multiple spaces and scales? How have these processes affected cities and regions? And how have multiple stakeholders responded to these processes? The contributors to this book bring together perspectives from economic, social, urban, and population geography in order to address these questions from a myriad of angles. Empirical case studies from different regions illuminate the multiscaled processes of international skilled migration. In particular, the contributions rethink skilled migration theories and provide insights into: the experiences of highly skilled labor migrants and international students; issues related to transnational activities and return migration; and policy implications for both immigrant source and destination countries. It also charts a future research agenda for international skilled migration research. Rethinking International Skilled Migration provides a comparative perspective on the experiences of skilled migrants across the local, regional, national, and/or global scale, paying particular attention to spatial and place-based dimensions of international skilled migration. It will be of interest to scholars and professionals in international migration, regional and national development policymakers, international businesses, and NGOs.

In the multi-agent systems area, linking theory to practical applications is still a fertile research topic. The aim of the workshop on Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies (DALT 2009), in its seventh edition this year, is to achieve this goal, which needs developing and using advanced declarative technologies and languages, particularly agent programming, communication languages, and reasoning and decision-making mechanisms. Developing these technologies is a particularly challenging issue from many perspectives: formal foundations, pr- ticalfeasibility, degreeof?exibility, etc. Inthiscontext, thedeclarativeparadigm is arguably the most appropriate as unlike imperative approaches, the focus is onwhatthe solutionshouldaccomplishratherthanondescribing howto acc- plish it. This is because agentcomputing, as a paradigm, is about describing the logic of computation instead of describing how to accomplish it. DALT is about investigating, studying, andusing the declarativeparadigmaswell ascombining declarative and formal approaches with engineering and technology aspects of agents and multi-agent systems. This volume presents the latest developments in the area of declarative l- guagesandtechnologies, whichaimtoproviderigorousframeworksfordesigning, specifying, implementing and verifying autonomous interacting agents. These frameworksarebasedoncomputationallogicsand other formalmethods suchas mathematical models and game theoretical approaches. Using such models and approaches facilitates the development of agents that reason and act rationally while at the same time being able to verify the behavior of these agents against their speci?cation. The main theme of DALT 2009 was the further advan- ment of relevant speci?cation and veri?cation techniques, such as, for instance, modal and epistemic logics, model checking, constraint logic programming, and distributed constraint satisfa

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies, DALT 2007, held in Honolulu, HI, USA, in May 2007 as an associated event of AAMAS 2007, the main international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems.

The 11 revised full papers presented together with 1 keynote lecture and 2 invited papers from the AAMAS main conference - substantially enhanced after the workshop - were carefully selected for inclusion in the book. The papers combine declarative and formal approaches with engineering and technology aspects of agents and multiagent systems and focus especially on modeling, goals, foundational concepts, and communication.

This book constitutes the thoroughly reviewed joint post-conference proceedings of two international workshops on Coordination, Organization, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems, COIN@AAMAS 2011, held in Taipei, Taiwan in May 2011 and COIN@WI-IAT 2011, held in Lyon, France in August 2011. The 12 revised full papers presented were carefully selected for presentations. The papers are organized in topical sections on agent coordination, norm-aware agent reasoning, as well as norm creation and enforcement.

The workshopon Declarative Agent Languagesand Technologies(DALT), in its sixth edition this year, is a well-established forum for researchers interested in sharing their experiences in combining declarative and formal approaches with aspects of engineering and technology of agents and multiagent systems. DALT2008washeldasasatelliteworkshopofAAMAS2008, the7thInter- tional Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, in - toril, Portugal. Following the success of DALT 2003 in Melbourne (LNAI 2990), DALT 2004 in New York (LNAI 3476), DALT 2005 in Utrecht (LNAI 3904), DALT 2006 in Hakodate (LNAI 4327), and DALT 2007 in Honolulu (LNAI 4897), the workshop again provided a discussion forum to both (a) support the transfer of declarative paradigms and techniques to the broader community of agent researchers and practitioners, and (b) to bring the issue of designing complex agent systems to the attention of researchers working on declarative languages and technologies. TheaimoftheDALTworkshopistostimulateresearchonformalanddecl- ative approaches both for developing the foundations of multiagent systems as well as for all phases of engineering multiagent systems, i.e., for speci?cation and modeling, for implementation, and for veri?cation. By providing a forum for the presentation of ideas addressing both of these aspects, DALT encourages the integrationof formal and declarativetechniques and methods that arebased on solid theoretical foundations in the engineering of multiagent systems

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 9th International Workshops on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions and Norms in Agent Systems, COIN 2013. The workshops were co-located with AAMAS 2013, held in St. Paul, MN, USA in May 2013, and with PRIMA 2013, held in Dunedin, New Zealand, in December 2013. The 18 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions and are presented together with two invited papers. The papers are organized in topical sections such as coordination, organizations, institutions, norms, norm conflict, and norm-aware agents.

Title: De Griffie van Haare Hoog Mogenden: bijdrage tot de kennis van het Archief van de Staten-Generaal der Vereenigde Nederlanden.Publisher: British Library, Historical Print EditionsThe British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.The GENERAL HISTORICAL collection includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. This varied collection includes material that gives readers a 19th century view of the world. Topics include health, education, economics, agriculture, environment, technology, culture, politics, labour and industry, mining, penal policy, and social order. ++++The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library Riemsdijk, Theodorus Helenus Franciscus van; 1885. 230 p.; 8 . 9406.cc.2.