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Class explains much in the differentiation of life chances and
political dynamics in South Asia; scholarship from the region
contributed much to class analysis. Yet class has lost its previous
centrality as a way of understanding the world and how it changes.
This outcome is puzzling; new configurations of global economic
forces and policy have widened gaps between classes and across
sectors and regions, altered people's relations to production, and
produced new state-citizen relations. Does market triumphalism or
increased salience of identity politics render class irrelevant?
Has rapid growth in aggregate wealth obviated long-standing
questions of inequality and poverty? Explanations for what happened
to class vary, from intellectual fads to global transformations of
interests. The authors ask what is lost in the move away from
class, and what South Asian experiences tell us about the limits of
class analysis. Empirical chapters examine formal and
informal-sector labor, social movements against genetic
engineering, and politics of the "new middle class." A unifying
analytical concern is specifying conditions under which interests
of those disadvantaged by class systems are immobilized, diffused,
coopted -- or autonomously recognized and acted upon politically:
the problematic transition of classes in themselves to classes for
themselves.
Class explains much in the differentiation of life chances and
political dynamics in South Asia; scholarship from the region
contributed much to class analysis. Yet class has lost its previous
centrality as a way of understanding the world and how it changes.
This outcome is puzzling; new configurations of global economic
forces and policy have widened gaps between classes and across
sectors and regions, altered people's relations to production, and
produced new state-citizen relations. Does market triumphalism or
increased salience of identity politics render class irrelevant?
Has rapid growth in aggregate wealth obviated long-standing
questions of inequality and poverty? Explanations for what happened
to class vary, from intellectual fads to global transformations of
interests. The authors ask what is lost in the move away from
class, and what South Asian experiences tell us about the limits of
class analysis. Empirical chapters examine formal and
informal-sector labor, social movements against genetic
engineering, and politics of the "new middle class." A unifying
analytical concern is specifying conditions under which interests
of those disadvantaged by class systems are immobilized, diffused,
coopted -- or autonomously recognized and acted upon politically:
the problematic transition of classes in themselves to classes for
themselves.
Gender is a defining feature of informal/precarious work in the
21st century, yet studies rarely adopt a gendered lens when
examining collective efforts to challenge informality and
precarity. This volume foregrounds the gendered dimensions of
informal/precarious workers' struggles as a crucial starting point
for re-theorizing the future of global labor movements. This volume
includes six empirical chapters spanning five countries - the
United States, Canada, South Korea, Mexico, and India - to explore
exactly how gender is intertwined into informal/precarious workers
organizing efforts, why gender is addressed, and to what end. The
chapters focus on two gender-typed sectors - domestic work and
construction - to identify the varying experiences of and struggles
against gender and informality/precarity, as well as the conditions
of movement success and failure. Across countries and sectors, the
volume shows how informal/precarious worker organizations are on
the front lines of challenging the multiple forms of gendered
inequalities that shape contemporary practices of accumulation and
labor regulation. Their struggles are making major transformations
in terms of increasing women's leadership and membership in labor
movements and exposing how gender interacts with other ascriptive
identities to shape work. They are also re-shaping hegemonic
scripts of capitalist accumulation, development, and gender to
attain recognition for female-dominated occupations and
reproductive needs for the first time ever. These outcomes are
crucial as sources of emancipatory transformations at a time when
state and public support for labor and social protection is facing
the deep assault of transnational production and globalizing
markets.
A sweeping history of how India has used its poor and elite
emigrants to further Indian development and how Indian emigrants
have reacted, resisted, and re-shaped India's development in
response. How can states and migrants themselves explain the causes
and effects of global migration? The Migration-Development Regime
introduces a novel analytical framework to help answer this
question in India, the world's largest emigrant exporter and the
world's largest remittance-receiving country. Drawing on an
archival analysis of Indian government documents, an original data
base of Indian migrants' transnational organizations, and over 200
interviews with poor and elite Indian emigrants, recruiters, and
government officials, this book exposes the vital role the Indian
state (from the colonial era to the present day) has long played in
forging and legitimizing class inequalities within India through
the management of international emigration. It also exposes how
poor and elite emigrants have differentially resisted and re-shaped
state emigration practices over time. By taking a long and
class-based view, this book recasts contemporary migration not
simply as a problematic function of neoliberalism or as a
development panacea for sending countries, but as a dynamic
historical process that sending states and migrants have long used
to shape local development. In doing so, it re-defines the primary
problems of global migration, exposes the material and ideological
impact that migration has on sending state development, and
isolates what is truly novel about contemporary migration.
Since the 1980s, the world's governments have decreased state
welfare and thus increased the number of unprotected 'informal' or
'precarious' workers. As a result, more and more workers do not
receive secure wages or benefits from either employers or the
state. This book offers a fresh and provocative look into the
alternative social movements informal workers in India are
launching. It also offers a unique analysis of the conditions under
which these movements succeed or fail. Drawing from 300 interviews
with informal workers, government officials and union leaders, Rina
Agarwala argues that Indian informal workers are using their power
as voters to demand welfare benefits from the state, rather than
demanding traditional work benefits from employers. In addition,
they are organizing at the neighborhood level, rather than the shop
floor, and appealing to 'citizenship', rather than labor rights.
Class explains much in the differentiation of life chances and
political dynamics in South Asia; scholarship from the region
contributed much to class analysis. Yet class has lost its previous
centrality as a way of understanding the world and how it changes.
This outcome is puzzling; new configurations of global economic
forces and policy have widened gaps between classes and across
sectors and regions, altered people's relations to production, and
produced new state-citizen relations. Does market triumphalism or
increased salience of identity politics render class irrelevant?
Has rapid growth in aggregate wealth obviated long-standing
questions of inequality and poverty? Explanations for what happened
to class vary, from intellectual fads to global transformations of
interests. The authors ask what is lost in the move away from
class, and what South Asian experiences tell us about the limits of
class analysis. Empirical chapters examine formal and
informal-sector labor, social movements against genetic
engineering, and politics of the "new middle class." A unifying
analytical concern is specifying conditions under which interests
of those disadvantaged by class systems are immobilized, diffused,
co-opted or autonomously recognized and acted upon politically: the
problematic transition of classes in themselves to classes for
themselves.
Since the 1980s, the world's governments have decreased state
welfare and thus increased the number of unprotected 'informal' or
'precarious' workers. As a result, more and more workers do not
receive secure wages or benefits from either employers or the
state. This book offers a fresh and provocative look into the
alternative social movements informal workers in India are
launching. It also offers a unique analysis of the conditions under
which these movements succeed or fail. Drawing from 300 interviews
with informal workers, government officials and union leaders, Rina
Agarwala argues that Indian informal workers are using their power
as voters to demand welfare benefits from the state, rather than
demanding traditional work benefits from employers. In addition,
they are organizing at the neighborhood level, rather than the shop
floor, and appealing to 'citizenship', rather than labor rights.
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