When water leaves a treatment works and travels through a distribution system, its quality, with respect to many chemical and biological parameters, will degrade. The quality of the delivered water will be largely influenced by: .The quality of treated water supplied into the network .The condition of distribution assets within the network .The retention time within the network. The water industry has focused predominantly on the quality of treated water and the physical condition of distribution assets when improving the quality of water at the customer's tap. However the quality of the water delivered is also affected by the time the water is retained in the different elements of the distribution network. Retention time is controlled both by the physical characteristics of the system and the operational regime. Physical characteristics such as pipe roughness may change throughout the life of the asset or be modified by rehabilitation. Operational activities may be structured; for example, pump scheduling and planned maintenance, or uncontrolled as in the case of demand driven operational responses. Changes to water quality result from the reactions in the bulk water with time and through the chemical and biological reactions with the distribution system materials with which The chemical and biological reactions in the bulk water are relatively well understood enabling development of models and software for predicting changes. The reactions of the water at the pipe-water interface are more complex and less well understood. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that water quality within distribution networks can be managed effectively by controlling retention time and to develop practical and pragmatic methodologies for doing so.

Hawaiians were stand up paddle surfing (known as SUP) in the '50s and '60s, but the sport was first seen on the U.S. mainland in the early 2000s, when surfers Laird Hamilton and Rick Thomas brought it to California. Now you see SUP popping up everywhere - it's ranked as the fastest growing sport in the U.S. by the Outdoor Industry Association and it has spread across the Atlantic to the UK. The inaugural UK SUP championships were held in 2008 and this is now an increasing popular branch of water sports in the UK. Longtime stand up paddler and instructor Rob Casey has authored the first and only comprehensive guide to the sport. From choosing the right gear to stroke techniques (j-stroke, Tahitian, sculling brace) and fitness advice, Rob will have you stand up paddling in no time. Specific chapters focus on flat-water paddling, paddle surfing, and river paddling to show you exactly what you need to take your SUP skills and knowledge to a specific environment. Whether you want to learn about fitness or expedition planning in flat water, how to forecast waves and current for surfing, or how to use river eddies to your advantage - it's all here in this easy-to-reference guidebook from a SUP expert.

Being a youth pastor or youth ministry volunteer can be overwhelming. Being a new youth pastor can be even more so. Knowing that someone is in your corner who can spare you from the potential pitfalls is a game changer. Bringing over fifteen years of combined experience working with teens, youth pastors and churches, Rob Casey cuts through the fluff and leads you to center your life and your ministry to students on the True and Living Christ. Launching out of the Ten Commandments of the Old Testament and what he calls "The Big Three" of the New, Rob offers you a very real and confessional no-holding-back challenge to your walk with the Lord combined with a biblical outline for making real disciples with the next generation. This book would make a perfect gift for your church's youth ministry team. The conversational style and practical approach make it a quick read for the on-the-go minister, yet its outline also makes for an excellent training guide or curriculum for weekly staff meetings, youth ministry retreats, or as a tool for youth pastors to equip their volunteers.