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The public's attitude toward air pollution in the United States
evolved substantially during the 1960s. One of the results of the
nation's emerging environmental ethic was the creation of the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December of 1970. Prior to
this time, research was focused on the impacts of air pollution on
human health and welfare and was largely conducted by several
federal research agencies, which included the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; and the U. S. Department of Agricul ture. After the
creation of the EPA, much of this work was consolidated in one
regulatory agency, which resulted in periodic evaluations of the
various effects of atmospheric pollution on human health,
materials, agriculture, and forest ecosystems. At the same time
that environmental interest was growing in the United States,
concern increased in the European scientific community and public
over the ecological impacts of acidic deposition. As the magnitude
of the damage to European lakes and streams and the widespread
decline in Norway spruce and silver fir was reported, concern that
similar problems were occurring in the United States increased
substantially. This concern was heightened by press reports of high
elevation spruce-fir forest declines in the Adirondack and
Appalachian Mountains and the decline and death of sugar maples in
the northeastern United States and Canada.
Five years of research carried out by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Forest Services' Northern Global Change Program,
contributing to our understanding of the effects of multiples
stresses on forest ecosystems over multiple spatial and temporal
scales. At the physiological level, reports explore changes in
growth and biomass, species composition, and wildlife habitat; at
the landscape scale, the abundance distribution, and dynamics of
species, populations, and communities are addressed. Chapters
include studies of nutrient depletion, climate and atmospheric
deposition, carbon and nitrogen cycling, insect and disease
outbreaks, biotic feedbacks with the atmosphere, interacting
effects of multiple stresses, and modeling the regional effects of
global change. The book provides sound ecological information for
policymakers and land-use planners as well as for researchers in
ecology, forestry, atmospheric science, soil science and
biogeochemistry.
Five years of research carried out by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture Forest Services' Northern Global Change Program,
contributing to our understanding of the effects of multiples
stresses on forest ecosystems over multiple spatial and temporal
scales. At the physiological level, reports explore changes in
growth and biomass, species composition, and wildlife habitat; at
the landscape scale, the abundance distribution, and dynamics of
species, populations, and communities are addressed. Chapters
include studies of nutrient depletion, climate and atmospheric
deposition, carbon and nitrogen cycling, insect and disease
outbreaks, biotic feedbacks with the atmosphere, interacting
effects of multiple stresses, and modeling the regional effects of
global change. The book provides sound ecological information for
policymakers and land-use planners as well as for researchers in
ecology, forestry, atmospheric science, soil science and
biogeochemistry.
The public's attitude toward air pollution in the United States
evolved substantially during the 1960s. One of the results of the
nation's emerging environmental ethic was the creation of the U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December of 1970. Prior to
this time, research was focused on the impacts of air pollution on
human health and welfare and was largely conducted by several
federal research agencies, which included the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration; and the U. S. Department of Agricul ture. After the
creation of the EPA, much of this work was consolidated in one
regulatory agency, which resulted in periodic evaluations of the
various effects of atmospheric pollution on human health,
materials, agriculture, and forest ecosystems. At the same time
that environmental interest was growing in the United States,
concern increased in the European scientific community and public
over the ecological impacts of acidic deposition. As the magnitude
of the damage to European lakes and streams and the widespread
decline in Norway spruce and silver fir was reported, concern that
similar problems were occurring in the United States increased
substantially. This concern was heightened by press reports of high
elevation spruce-fir forest declines in the Adirondack and
Appalachian Mountains and the decline and death of sugar maples in
the northeastern United States and Canada.
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