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Sebastien Erard's (1752-1831) inventions have had an enormous
impact on instruments and musical life and are still at the
foundation of piano building today. Drawing on an unusually rich
set of archives from both the Erard firm and the Erard family,
author Robert Adelson shows how the Erard piano played an important
and often leading role in the history of the instrument, beginning
in the late eighteenth century and continuing into the final
decades of the nineteenth. The Erards were the first piano builders
in France to prioritise the more sonorous grand piano, sending
gifts of their new model to both Haydn and Beethoven. Erard's
famous double-escapement action, which improved the instrument's
response while at the same time producing a more powerful tone,
revolutionised both piano construction and repertoire. Thanks to
these inventions, the Erard firm developed close relationships with
the greatest pianist composers of the nineteenth century, including
Hummel, Liszt, Moscheles and Mendelssohn. The book also presents
new evidence concerning Pierre Erard's homosexuality, which helps
us to understand his reluctance to found a family to carry on the
Erard tradition, a reluctance that would spell the end of the
golden era of the firm and lead to its eventual demise. The book
closes with the story of Pierre's widow Camille, who directed the
firm from 1855 until 1889. Her influential position in the
male-dominated world of instrument building was unique for a woman
of her time.
In the age of the French Revolution, opera was the locus of cabals,
intrigues, and violent journalistic invective. Yet it was also a
period when women composers and librettists gained access to
concert halls as never before, some of their works among those most
performed in Paris. Jacqueline Letzter and Robert Adelson's
engaging history explains what made this possible. At the same time
it demonstrates how the Revolution fostered many dreams and
ambitions for women that would be doomed to disappointment in the
repressive post-Revolutionary era.
The first part of the book concentrates on the women who succeeded
in bringing their operas to the stage. The authors examine their
backgrounds, the institutional barriers they had to surmount, and
the problems they faced in asserting their authority and
authorship. The book's second half is a detailed case study of
Isabelle de Charriere (1740-1805), a prolific author and composer
who witnessed the success of her female colleagues but was unable
to gain recognition for herself. In an analytical epilogue Letzter
and Adelson discuss the status of creative women in Revolutionary
culture and society.
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