The first comprehensive guide to discrete-time (DT) receivers (RX), discussing the fundamental concepts and implications of the technology. This book will serve as an essential reference, covering the necessary building blocks of this field, such as low-noise transconductance amplifiers, current-driven mixers, DT band-pass filters, and DT low-pass filters. As well as addressing the basics, the authors present the most recent state-of-the-art techniques applied to the DT RX blocks. A step-by-step style is used to allow readers to develop the required skills to design the DT receivers at the architecture level, while providing in-depth knowledge of the details. Written by leading experts from academia, research, and industry, this book provides an excellent reference to the subject for a wide audience, from postgraduate students to experienced researchers and professionals working with RF circuits.

While mobile phones enjoy the largest production volume ever of any consumer electronics products, the demands they place on radio-frequency (RF) transceivers are particularly aggressive, especially on integration with digital processors, low area, low power consumption, while being robust against process-voltage-temperature variations. Since mobile terminals inherently operate on batteries, their power budget is severely constrained. To keep up with the ever increasing data-rate, an ever-decreasing power per bit is required to maintain the battery lifetime. The RF oscillator is the second most power-hungry block of a wireless radio (after power amplifiers). Consequently, any power reduction in an RF oscillator will greatly benefit the overall power efficiency of the cellular transceiver. Moreover, the RF oscillators' purity limits the transceiver performance. The oscillator's phase noise results in power leakage into adjacent channels in a transmit mode and reciprocal mixing in a receive mode. On the other hand, the multi-standard and multi-band transceivers that are now trending demand wide tuning range oscillators. However, broadening the oscillator's tuning range is usually at the expense of die area (cost) or phase noise. The main goal of this book is to bring forth the exciting and innovative RF oscillator structures that demonstrate better phase noise performance, lower cost, and higher power efficiency than currently achievable. Technical topics discussed in RF CMOS Oscillators for Modern Wireless Applications include: - Design and analysis of low phase-noise class-F oscillators - Analyze a technique to reduce 1/f noise up-conversion in the oscillators - Design and analysis of low power/low voltage oscillators - Wide tuning range oscillators - Reliability study of RF oscillators in nanoscale CMOS

The first full-length book to explore Henry Beach and his photographic legacy. Henry M. Beach was a prolific and accomplished upstate New York photographer who documented the North Country during the first quarter of the twentieth century. Although much less known and celebrated, Beach's work is as important to the twentieth-century Adirondacks as Seneca Ray Stoddard's is to the nineteenth century. Illustrated with over 250 examples of his work including ten panoramic foldouts, this book covers the range of Beach's subject matter. Robert Bogdan's lively and accessible approach to the photographer's work encourages the reader to explore the North Country's people and places through Beach's photography and life. Although Beach's postcard pictures and other photographs were taken to sell in bulk to hotel managers, tourist shop owners, and other retail merchants, they are not just mass-produced, stylized, pretty pictures. Beside the bubbling brooks and shady woodland paths are factory boomtowns and paper mills belching pollution. As the rails brought increasing numbers of middle-class tourists to the Adirondacks, the wealthy created their own exclusive wilderness playground. beach photographed dandy visitors at play as well as manual laborers sweating in the forest, logging camps, factories, mines, and construction sites. Images of "great camps" sit next to modest abodes, small stores, and family-owned resorts. Pictures of trains in scenic surroundings give way to mangled wrecks after tragic railroad accidents. In addition to standard view cards, he produced montages and advertisement postcards--serious visual commentary as well as lighthearted picture play. Beach's best works stir theheart and provoke the imagination, and his whimsical, down-to-earth approach to photography produced images that are a treat to the eye.

Midget, feeble-minded, crippled, lame, and insane: these terms and the historical photographs that accompany them may seem shocking to present-day audiences. A young woman with no arms wears a sequined tutu and smiles for the camera as she smokes a cigarette with her toes; a man holds up two prosthetic legs while his own legs are bared to the knees to show his missing feet. The photos were used as promotional material for circus sideshows, charity drives, and art galleries. They were found on begging cards and in family albums. In Picturing Disability, Bogdan and his collaborators gather over 200 historical photographs showing how people with disabilities have been presented and exploring the contexts in which they were photographed. Rather than focus on the subjects, Bogdan turns his gaze on the people behind the camera. He examines the historic and cultural environment of the photographs to decipher the relationship between the images and the perspectives of the picture makers. In analyzing the visual rhetoric of these photographs, Bogdan identifies the wide variety of genres, from sideshow souvenirs to clinical photographs. Ranging from the 1860s, when photographs first became readily available, to the 1970s, when the disability rights movement became a force for significant change, Bogdan chronicles the evolution of disability image creation. Picturing Disability takes the reader beyond judging images as positive or slanderous to reveal how particular contexts generate specific emotions and lasting depictions.

With the proliferation of wireless networks, there is a need for more compact, low-cost, power efficient transmitters that are capable of supporting the various communication standards, including Bluetooth, WLAN, GSM/EDGE, WCDMA and 4G of 3GPP cellular. This book describes a novel idea of RF digital-to-analog converters (RFDAC) and demonstrates how they can realize all-digital, fully-integrated RF transmitters that support all the current multi-mode and multi-band communication standards. With this book the reader will: Understand the challenges of realizing a universal CMOS RF transmitter Recognize the design issues and the advantages and disadvantages related to analog and digital transmitter architectures Master designing an RF transmitter from system level modeling techniques down to circuit designs and their related layout know-hows Grasp digital polar and I/Q calibration techniques as well as the digital predistortion approaches Learn how to generate appropriate digital I/Q baseband signals in order to apply them to the test chip and measure the RF-DAC performance.

This book describes the digitally intensive time-domain architectures and techniques applied to millimeter-wave frequency synthesis, with the objective of improving performance and reducing the cost of implementation. Coverage includes system architecture, system level modeling, critical building block design, and digital calibration techniques, making it highly suitable for those who want to learn about mm-wave frequency generation for communication and radar applications, integrated circuit implementation, and time-domain circuit and system techniques.

The Real Photo Postcard Guide is an informative, comprehensive, and practical treatment of this wildly popular American phenomenon that dominated the United States photographic market during the first third of the twentieth century. Robert Bogdan and Todd Weseloh draw on extensive research and observation to address all aspects of the postcard from its history, origin, and cultural significance to practical matters like dating, purchasing, condition, and preservation. Illustrated with over 350 exceptional photo postcards taken from archives and private collections across the country, the scope of the ""Real Photo Postcard Guide"" spans technical considerations of production, characteristics of superior images, collecting categories, and methods of research for dating postcards and investigating their photographers. In a broader sense, the authors show how ""real photo postcards"" document the social history of America. From family outings and workplace awards to lynchings and natural disasters, every image captures a moment of American cultural history from the society that generated them. Bogdan and Weseloh's book provides an admirable integration of informative text and compelling photographic illustrations. Collectors, archivists, photographers, photo historians, social scientists, and anyone interested in the visual documentation of America will find the ""Real Photo Postcard Guide"" indispensable.

'We have to assume that the mind is working no matter what it looks like on the outside. We can't just judge by appearance...If you take away the label they are human beings.' Ed Murphy What does it mean to be 'mentally retarded'? Professors Bogdan and Taylor have interviewed two experts, 'Ed Murphy' and 'Pattie Burt,' for answers. Ed and Pattie, former inmates of institutions for the retarded, tell us in their own words. Their autobiographies are not always pleasant reading. They describe the physical, mental, and emotional abuses heaped upon them throughout their youth and young adulthood; being spurned, neglected, and ultimately abandoned by family and friends; being labelled and stigmatized by social service professionals armed with tests and preconceptions; being incarcerated and depersonalized by the state. Ed and Pattie survived these experiences-evidence, perhaps, of the indefatigable will of the human spirit to assert its essential humanity-but the wounds they have suffered, and the scars they bear, have not been overcome. They are now contributing, independent, members of society, but the stigma of 'mental retardation' remains. Their stories are both true and representative-powerful indictments of our knowledge of, our thinking about, and our ministrations to, the mentally handicapped. The interviewers argue that Ed and Pattie challenge the very concept of 'mental retardation.' Retardation, they assert, is an 'imaginary disease'; our attempts to 'cure' it are a hoax. Read Ed's and Pattie's accounts and judge for yourself.

Robert Bogdan combines a richly descriptive text with striking illustrations to create vivid biographical sketches of these pioneer photographers, who worked their individual styles to illuminate six different regions of the Adirondack Mountains. The book also provides insight into the popular culture of the times mainly through postcards but it also takes an in-depth look at the families and work lives of these artisans as they plied their trade in the popular venue of commercial postcards. Aside from the Adirondack locals and a few postcard connoisseurs, the gifted folk artists and craftspeople profiled here were virtually unknown until now. Bogdan has collected nearly 250 illustrations including postcards and photographs depicting Adirondack life of the time. Many of these images have never before been published.

From 1840 until 1940, freak shows by the hundreds crisscrossed the United States, from the smallest towns to the largest cities, exhibiting their casts of dwarfs, giants, Siamese twins, bearded ladies, savages, snake charmers, fire eaters, and other oddities. By today's standards such displays would be considered cruel and exploitative--the pornography of disability. Yet for one hundred years the freak show was widely accepted as one of America's most popular forms of entertainment.
Robert Bogdan's fascinating social history brings to life the world of the freak show and explores the culture that nurtured and, later, abandoned it. In uncovering this neglected chapter of show business, he describes in detail the flimflam artistry behind the shows, the promoters and the audiences, and the gradual evolution of public opinion from awe to embarrassment. Freaks were not born, Bogdan reveals; they were manufactured by the amusement world, usually with the active participation of the freaks themselves. Many of the "human curiosities" found fame and fortune, becoming the celebrities of their time, until the ascent of professional medicine transformed them from marvels into pathological specimans.