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This volume provides a comprehensive study of Turkey's financial
transformation into one of the most dynamic, if not trouble-free,
emerging capitalisms. While this financial evolution has
underwritten Turkey's dramatic economic growth, it has done so
without ameliorating the persistently exploitative and unequal
social structures that characterize neoliberalism today. This
edited volume, written by an interdisciplinary range of political
economists, critically examines Turkey's financial transformation,
contributing to debates on the nature of peripheral
financialization. Eschewing economistic interpretations, The
Political Economy of Financial Transformation in Turkey underscores
both the quantitative significance of exponential growth in
financial flows and investments, and the qualitative importance of
the state's institutional restructuring around financial
imperatives. The book presents today's reality as historically
rooted. By understanding the choices made under the new Republic
(from 1923 onwards), one can better locate the changes launched as
a newly liberalizing society (since 1980). Likewise, the decisions
made in response to Turkey's 2001 financial crisis spurred a
tectonic break in state-market-society financial relations. The
waves of change have reached far and wide: from corporate
strategies of accumulation and growth to small- and medium-sized
enterprises' strategies of financial survival; from how finance has
penetrated the provisioning of housing to how households have
become financialized. Put together, one grasps the complexity and
historicity of the power of contemporary finance. One also sees
that the changes made have not been class-neutral, but have
entailed elevating the interests of major capital groups,
particularly financial capital, above the interests of the poor and
workers in Turkey. Nor are these changes constrained to its
national borders, as what transpires domestically contributes to
the making of a financialized world market. Through this 'Made in
Turkey' approach the contributions in this volume thus challenge
dominant understandings of financialization, which are derived from
the advanced capitalisms, by sharing the specificity of emerging
capitalisms such as Turkey.
This volume provides a comprehensive study of Turkey's financial
transformation into one of the most dynamic, if not trouble-free,
emerging capitalisms. While this financial evolution has
underwritten Turkey's dramatic economic growth, it has done so
without ameliorating the persistently exploitative and unequal
social structures that characterize neoliberalism today. This
edited volume, written by an interdisciplinary range of political
economists, critically examines Turkey's financial transformation,
contributing to debates on the nature of peripheral
financialization. Eschewing economistic interpretations, The
Political Economy of Financial Transformation in Turkey underscores
both the quantitative significance of exponential growth in
financial flows and investments, and the qualitative importance of
the state's institutional restructuring around financial
imperatives. The book presents today's reality as historically
rooted. By understanding the choices made under the new Republic
(from 1923 onwards), one can better locate the changes launched as
a newly liberalizing society (since 1980). Likewise, the decisions
made in response to Turkey's 2001 financial crisis spurred a
tectonic break in state-market-society financial relations. The
waves of change have reached far and wide: from corporate
strategies of accumulation and growth to small- and medium-sized
enterprises' strategies of financial survival; from how finance has
penetrated the provisioning of housing to how households have
become financialized. Put together, one grasps the complexity and
historicity of the power of contemporary finance. One also sees
that the changes made have not been class-neutral, but have
entailed elevating the interests of major capital groups,
particularly financial capital, above the interests of the poor and
workers in Turkey. Nor are these changes constrained to its
national borders, as what transpires domestically contributes to
the making of a financialized world market. Through this 'Made in
Turkey' approach the contributions in this volume thus challenge
dominant understandings of financialization, which are derived from
the advanced capitalisms, by sharing the specificity of emerging
capitalisms such as Turkey.
This book analyzes the Echeverria administration's economic
policies and their role in the events leading up to the 1976 crisis
in Mexico. It examines the new economic strategy of the Lopez
Portillo administration in light of its ability to cope with the
devaluation of the peso.
This book analyzes the main causes of deterioration in the Jamaican
economy since 1972 and assesses the prospects for returning to a
period of stable growth under an International Monetary Fund
Stabilization program. Considering both the role of international
economic conditions and domestic policies on Jamaica's economic
decline, Dr. Looney compares the viability of the socialist model
of development, implemented between 1972 and 1980, with that of the
U.S.-sponsored supply side model. He raises important questions
about the ability of small open economies to sustain acceptable
rates of growth in the existing world economic environment, the
effectiveness of IMF Stabilization programs on these economies, the
possible impact of supply side development strategies, and the
significance of Caribbean Basin Initiative policies for growth and
stability in the area.
This book presents a detailed and rigorous quantitative economic
assessment, analysis, and interpretation of the causes and
consequences of regional defense expenditures in countries in the
Middle East and South Asia. It examines the relationship between
defense spending and budgetary allocations.
In the spring of 1976, I had the privilege of serving on a Stanford
Research Institute team engaged in examining various facets of the
Mexican economy. That study provided the opportunity to visit many
government ministries and talk with some of Mexico's leading
economists. These professional experiences stimulated me to
undertake full-scale research on the growth potential of the
Mexican economy, a subject in which I had long been interested and
on which I had written from time to time, beginning with my book
Income Distribution Policies and Economic Growth in
Semi-Industrialized Countries: A Comparative Study of Iran, Mexico,
Brazil, and South Korea. 1 The present volume might be regarded as
the culmination of this endeavor. The methodological approach here
is partly descriptive and partly empirical-illustrative formal
models are built on both qualitative and theoretical foundations.
To sharpen the issue and put the Mexican economy in perspective,
international comparisons are made through-out.
This book analyzes the main causes of deterioration in the Jamaican
economy since 1972 and assesses the prospects for returning to a
period of stable growth under an International Monetary Fund
Stabilization program. Considering both the role of international
economic conditions and domestic policies on Jamaica's economic
decline, Dr. Looney compares the viability of the socialist model
of development, implemented between 1972 and 1980, with that of the
U.S.-sponsored supply side model. He raises important questions
about the ability of small open economies to sustain acceptable
rates of growth in the existing world economic environment, the
effectiveness of IMF Stabilization programs on these economies, the
possible impact of supply side development strategies, and the
significance of Caribbean Basin Initiative policies for growth and
stability in the area.
This book presents a detailed and rigorous quantitative economic
assessment, analysis, and interpretation of the causes and
consequences of regional defense expenditures in countries in the
Middle East and South Asia. It examines the relationship between
defense spending and budgetary allocations.
International trade has, for decades, been central to economic
growth and improved standards of living for nations and regions
worldwide. For most of the advanced countries, trade has raised
standards of living, while for most emerging economies, growth did
not begin until their integration into the global economy. The
economic explanation is simple: international trade facilitates
specialization, increased efficiency and improved productivity to
an extent impossible in closed economies. However, recent years
have seen a significant slowdown in global trade, and the global
system has increasingly come under attack from politicians on the
right and on the left. The benefits of open markets, the
continuation of international co-operation, and the usefulness of
multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization
(WTO), the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have all
been called into question. While globalization has had a broadly
positive effect on overall global welfare, it has also been
perceived by the public as damaging communities and social classes
in the industrialized world, spawning, for example, Brexit and the
US exit from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The purpose of this
volume is to examine international and regional preferential trade
agreements (PTAs), which offer like-minded countries a possible
means to continue receiving the benefits of economic liberalization
and expanded trade. What are the strengths and weaknesses of such
agreements, and how can they sustain growth and prosperity for
their members in an ever-challenging global economic environment?
The Handbook is divided into two parts. The first, Global Themes,
offers analysis of issues including the WTO, trade agreements and
economic development, intellectual property rights, security and
environmental issues, and PTAs and developing countries. The second
part examines regional and country-specific agreements and issues,
including NAFTA, CARICOM, CETA, the Pacific Alliance, the European
Union, EFTA, ECOWAS, SADC, TTIP, RCEP and the TPP (now the CPTPP),
as well as the policies of countries such as Japan and Australia.
International trade has, for decades, been central to economic
growth and improved standards of living for nations and regions
worldwide. For most of the advanced countries, trade has raised
standards of living, while for most emerging economies, growth did
not begin until their integration into the global economy. The
economic explanation is simple: international trade facilitates
specialization, increased efficiency and improved productivity to
an extent impossible in closed economies. However, recent years
have seen a significant slowdown in global trade, and the global
system has increasingly come under attack from politicians on the
right and on the left. The benefits of open markets, the
continuation of international co-operation, and the usefulness of
multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization
(WTO), the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have all
been called into question. While globalization has had a broadly
positive effect on overall global welfare, it has also been
perceived by the public as damaging communities and social classes
in the industrialized world, spawning, for example, Brexit and the
US exit from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The purpose of this
volume is to examine international and regional preferential trade
agreements (PTAs), which offer like-minded countries a possible
means to continue receiving the benefits of economic liberalization
and expanded trade. What are the strengths and weaknesses of such
agreements, and how can they sustain growth and prosperity for
their members in an ever-challenging global economic environment?
The Handbook is divided into two parts. The first, Global Themes,
offers analysis of issues including the WTO, trade agreements and
economic development, intellectual property rights, security and
environmental issues, and PTAs and developing countries. The second
part examines regional and country-specific agreements and issues,
including NAFTA, CARICOM, CETA, the Pacific Alliance, the European
Union, EFTA, ECOWAS, SADC, TTIP, RCEP and the TPP (now the CPTPP),
as well as the policies of countries such as Japan and Australia.
This 72nd volume in the series discusses such topics as the
influence of the environment, the effect of the type of regime,
regional case studies, and generalizations.
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