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This monograph presents, for the first time, a unified and
comprehensive introduction to some of the basic transport
properties of porous media, such as electrical and hydraulic
conductivity, air permeability and diffusion. The approach is based
on critical path analysis and the scaling of transport properties,
which are individually described as functions of saturation. At the
same time, the book supplies a tutorial on percolation theory for
hydrologists, providing them with the tools for solving actual
problems. In turn, a separate chapter serves to introduce
physicists to some of the language and complications of groundwater
hydrology necessary for successful modeling. The end-of-chapter
problems often indicate open questions, which young researchers
entering the field can readily start working on. This significantly
revised and expanded third edition includes in particular two new
chapters: one on advanced fractal-based models, and one devoted to
the discussion of various open issues such as the role of diffusion
vs. advection, preferential flow vs. critical path, universal vs.
non-universal exponents for conduction, and last but not least, the
overall influence of the experimental apparatus in data collection
and theory validation. "The book is suitable for advanced graduate
courses, with selected problems and questions appearing at the end
of each chapter. [...] I think the book is an important work that
will guide soil scientists, hydrologists, and physicists to gain a
better qualitative and quantitative understanding of multitransport
properties of soils." (Marcel G. Schaap, Soil Science Society of
America Journal, May-June, 2006)
In recent years several improvements have been made in the
manufacturing of resistive, superconducting and hybrid mag nets.
Condensed matter physicists are nowadays doing ex periments in
steady magnetic fields of up to 30 Tesla. But the field homogenity
{/B}, required in a volume of the order of a 3 few cm is usually
several orders of magnitude less severe than the one which is
needed for high resolution NMR. Over the last 30 years, with each
generation of new high resolution NMR spectrometers, from 100 MHz
up to 600 MHz, taking advan tage of the increase in sensitivity and
resolution, new areas of research have been opened in chemistry,
physical chemistry and biochemistry. The generation of the 20 Tesla
supercon ducting magnets is coming. Thus one may seriously start to
consider high resolution NMR at 1 GHz. The purpose of this volume
is to examine some of the advantages which can be obtained at such
high frequencies and some of the problems we shall be facing. An
important aspect of NMR at high field which is not presented in
this volume concerns the design of the magnet. The building of a
superconducting magnet, producing a field 10 3 higher than 20 T,
with a field homogeneity IlB/B 10-, in a cm volume still remains
today in 1990 a major challenge. Grenoble, France J. B. Robert
Guest-Editor Professor J. B. Robert Service National des Champs
Intenses B. P."
Cationic antimicrobial peptides are multifunctional peptides of the
innate immune system, which not only act directly against
microorganisms, but also signal between early and late immune
responses and modulate inflammatory reposnes. The significance of
these host defence peptides in combating infection and in
host-microbe homeostasis has become increasingly clear, through
advances made by microbiologists, biochemists, biophysicists,
immunologists, molecular biologists, and a range of medical and
pharmaceutical researchers. This book, drawing together
contributions from leading scientists, reviews significant recent
advances in our knowledge of mammalian antimicrobial peptides. In
addition to providing up-to-date overviews of their structure,
expression and biology, their multiple activities and interactions
with microbial populations as well as their potential application
as novel therapeutic agents are summarized. Chapters describing
developments using animal models and investigations of the roles of
these host defence peptides in microbial infections are
complemented by chapters addressing their mechanisms of action and
of microbial resistance.
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